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abortion,流产,54

abuse:verbal(loidoria),滥用:词语的,72,144—5,207,208,233—4;of language,语言的,237

achaean league,the,阿卡亚联盟,31,34,121,359

achaeans,the,阿卡亚人,14,43—4,44,174,180,358

achaemenids,the,阿黑门尼德家族,216

achilles,阿喀琉斯,22,23,24,30,32,33,88,89,90,90—1,93,95—6,141ff.,149ff.,156,64,200,201,244,249,360

actors,演员,346,355

adoption,领养,38,209,338—9

adultery,通奸,37,200,252,253—4,258

aegina,埃吉纳,16,32,227,296,305,316,326

aegospotami,battle of,羊河战役,218,250,277,293,295,296

aeolians,the,伊奥利亚人,14,20l

aeschines,埃斯奇尼斯,78,309,310,311,314

aeschylus,埃斯库罗斯,l0,19,22,56,65,144,166,254,271,277,324

aesop,伊索,202,208—9

aetolian league,埃托利亚联盟,276

aetolians,the,埃托利亚人,14,18,34,168

afterlife,the,死后生活,xxxix,27,33,101,113—14,278;see also‘hades’(另外参看“哈得斯”)

agamemnon,阿伽门农,24,26,32,67,101,141,145,150,153,154,164,200

agathocles,阿伽托克里斯,l07,121,286

agathon,阿伽同,230,262,263,264

agesilaus,阿格西劳斯,25,171,194,287,293,335,341

agon(contest),agonal competition,赛会,竞赛,xxxii,xli,71,79,96,149,155,157,160,161,162—6,167ff.,174ff.,179,181,182,184,185,188,196,199,20l,205,206,207,212,219,225,237ff.,249,251,286,294,321,326—8,331,332,333,348;false,错误的,238;see also‘first and best’,‘judges’,‘number and variety’,‘panhellenic agon’,‘prizes’,‘success’,‘victors’(另外参看“第一和最好的”,“裁判”,“数量和种类”,“泛希腊赛会”,“奖金”,“胜利”,“优胜者”)

agora,the,阿戈拉,49,50—2,51—3,73,183,198,204,264,286,298,315,325,353

agorazein,在阿戈拉,52,264

agriculture,农业,16—17,21,45,47,51,156,157,188—90,217,218,219,222,304;see also‘farming’,‘field work’,‘peasants’,‘rural life’,‘shepherds’,‘slaves’,‘viticulture’(另外参看“务农”,“田间作业”,“农民”,“乡村生活”,“牧羊人”,“奴隶”,“葡萄栽培”)

aidos,荣誉,79,79—80

alcibiades,亚西比德,33,60,171,230,231,233,239—40,243,245,245—8,250,262—3,264,265,276,290

alexander the great,亚历山大大帝,xxxvii,xl,xli,26,33,118,172,193,214,283,294,314,316,320,328,331,341,345,349,353,359

alexandria,alexandrian,亚历山大里亚,亚历山大里亚人,119,126,271,347,355,356,359,360,361,363

alliances,allies,盟邦,盟国,44,57,225ff.,231,274,283,287,293ff.,305—6,308,310ff.

alphabet,source of greek,字母表,希腊的资料,17

amazons,the,阿玛宗人,22,26,31,131,154,197,220,221,223

ambition,野心,58,78,175,212,225,247,274,275,279,295,298,304,320,322,349—50;see also‘self—display’(另外参看“自我展示”)

amiable conduct,and the greeks,友善的举止,希腊人,261

amphictyoniai(temple leagues),神庙联盟,44

amusement,as the aim of life,in athens,娱乐,作为生活的目标,在雅典,205;see also‘pleasure’(另外参看“快乐”)

amusements,娱乐,259,298,306,332;see also‘symposium’(另外参看“宴饮”)

anaxagoras,阿纳克萨格拉,111,225,232,270,271,272

ancestry,importance of,祖先,重要性,33,37,42,l04,290,356;see also‘breeding and birth’,‘heredity’(另外参看“生育和出生”,“遗传”)

ancient institutions,admiration of,as rejection of the state,古代的制度,仰慕,对国家的拒斥,326

anger,and the hero,愤怒,英雄,66,145

animals:mythological,动物:神话学的,19—20,154;fabulous,and the value of life,传说中的,生活的价值,112;and naming,起名,132;see also‘fables’(另外参看“寓言”)

anointing,of the whole body,涂油,整个身体,129

antigonus gonatas of macedon,马其顿的安提格努斯·格纳塔斯,32,33—4,123

antioch,安条克,50,355,359,363

antiquarians,古文物研究者,xix,xx,xxx,3—4,4—5,6,9,21,30

antiquities,古代,316

antisthenes,安提斯第尼,123,192,193,325

apelles,阿佩雷斯,324,331

aphrodite,阿佛洛蒂忒,81,142,145,151,153,154,(pandemos)(潘德摩斯) 202,210,324,330,360

apolitia,背离城邦,289,290,294,317,355;see also‘cosmopolitanism’,‘indifference’,‘turning away’(另外参看“世界主义”,“漠不关心”,“转身”)

apollo,阿波罗,29ff.,43,81,83,88,89,117,141,143,148,156,163,168,181,183,191,196,204,207,211,219,220,242,254,288,328,361

apollodorus,阿波罗多洛斯,131,341

apollonian and dionysian,the,阿波罗的和狄俄倪索斯的,xxvii,xxxviii,211

arcadia,阿卡狄亚,16,18,19,31,54,196,20l,213,320

archelaus,king,阿齐劳斯,国王,197,230,264,280,286

archilochus,阿齐劳库斯,72,207—8,208

archimedes,阿基米德,191

architecture,建筑,232,346

archons( archontes ),执政官,20,45;the archon basileus in athens,雅典的王者执政官,58

areopagus,the,战神山议事会,21,26—7,222,297,298

arete,优秀,186,191,243,248,325;see also‘excellence’

argos,阿尔果斯,20,46—7,174,194,213,216,284,294,305,360

aridification of greece,希腊的土壤干旱化,45,51

aristippus,阿里斯提普斯,98,325,327,331

aristocracy,the aristocratic,贵族制,贵族的,xxxv—xxxvi,33,131,151,158,160ff.,165,167,168,170,185,187,192,199,205,228,236,240,270,319,320,329,332,339

aristophanes,阿里斯托芬,70,74—5,78,190,195,230,231,231—2,234,239,239—40,254,262,270,271,277,294,331,330,332

aristotle,亚里士多德,33,51ff.,85,85—6,103—4,l08,123,189,190—1,197,322,324,325,326,328,330,331,332,351

arrogance,傲慢,291,293,303

art,艺术,xxxix—xl,3,l0,55,64,65,97,127,133,140,149,183,193,195,210,213,222,232,244,267,271,274,305,317,330,346,356—7,361;works of,57,177,204,242,267,330;and the banausic,手艺的,192—7;see also‘artistic agon’,‘artists’,‘painting’,‘sculpture’(另外参看“艺术赛会”,“艺术家”,“绘画”,“雕塑”)

artemis,阿尔忒弥斯,31,35,81,118,145,148

artisans,匠人,190—2

artistic agon,the,艺术赛会,178,181—2,183

artists,艺术家,232—3,355;mythical,神话的,149;contempt for,蔑视,193—6,196—7;as celebrities,名人,206,206—7,241,346,349

asceticism,苦行主义,198,212

asclepius,阿斯克勒庇俄斯,33,34,35,117,181

asebeia(impiety),渎神,the charge of,指控,58,73,75,196—7,232,257,272,324

asia minor(coast and cities),小亚细亚(海岸和城市),22,44,48,216,221,230,232,247,248,293,314,315

aspasia,阿斯帕西亚,224,225,232,252,257—8,291

assemblies(elective,popular),集会(选举的,公众的),39,40,47,53,73,78—9,131,144,170,189,192,198,227,233,248,264,267,278,297,300,303,307,310,311,316;see also‘ecclesia’,‘heliasts’,‘lawcourts’(另外参看“公民大会”,“宗教裁判员”,“法庭”)

astronomy,天文学,267

(pallas)athena,(帕拉斯)雅典娜,17,30,31,34,35,50,56,81,100,104,138,143,144,153,154,156,163,197,220,242,244,254,301,323,361

athens,the athenians,雅典,雅典人,xxxvi,17,20,26,26—7,29,31ff.,44ff.,49,50,57ff.,65,67,71,73ff.,86,94,96,102,113,114,128,130,137,152,161,167,170,174,175,178,180,181,182,187ff.,197,199—200,20l,202,205—6,206,207,211,215,216,217—37,239ff.,250ff.,256,257,261ff.,270,271,275,277,280,281,290,292,294—317,325,326,328,331,333,334,335,343,344,345,348ff.,358,360;see also‘polis’,‘state’(另外参看“城邦”,“国家”)

athletes,athletics,运动员,体育比赛,32,33,128,163—4,167,169—70,170,172ff.,175—6,176,178,179,183,192,20l,231,237,238,250,327—8,348;stylized heads of athletes,运动员风格的头像,361;see also‘statues’(另外参看“雕像”)

atimia(dishonour,loss of civil rights),剥夺公民权,57,78,114,312

attica,阿提卡,16,16—17,26—7,38—9,45,97,187,217—18,219,221,222,225,227,290,296,308,312,333,345

austerity,严厉,231,237;see also‘asceticism’,‘doricism’,‘laconism’,‘simplicity’(另外参看“苦行主义”,“拉科尼亚主义”,“简约”)

autarkeia,自给自足,54,218

autochthony,土生土长,15—16,221

autocrats,the,独裁者,299

banausic,the,物质性的,17,102,149,160,161,184,185—6,187—97,259,269,301,330,331,336,343,356;see also‘labour’,‘money’,‘toil’(另外参看“劳力”,“货币”,“劳作”)

banquets,宴会,73,l09,157,203,204,205,234,240,251,260ff.,289;see also‘symposium’(另外参看“宴饮”)

barbarians,蛮族,13,53,112,178,181,187,230,267,283ff.,318,320,335

bards,minstrels,游吟诗人,24,25,42,95,131,137,140,148,150—1,152,155,233

barter,物物交换,188,197

baths,洗澡,235,324,344

battle,and the hero or heroic type,战斗,英雄或英雄类型,142—3,165

bearing arms,and citizenship,携带武器,公民权,189

beauty,and the greeks,美,希腊人,54,81,85,127—9,133,135,140,161,199,20l,225,257,260,326,362

beggars,in the heroic world,乞丐,在英雄世界,152

benignity,and the hero,仁慈,英雄,140

birth,not to be born(me phunai)as best,出生,不出生最好,99,105,106

black sea,the,黑海,22,218

blessings of life,the succession or identification of the,生命的赐福,继承或身份,81—5;see also‘birth’,‘death’(另外参看“出生”,“死亡”)

boasting(or showing off),炫耀,62,205,(formal)(正式的),223,231,265,290,308,335,340,353—5;see also‘pride’,‘ self-praise’,‘vanity’(另外参看“骄傲”,“自我夸耀”,“虚荣”)

boeckh,august,柏克,奥古斯特,xi,xii,3,11

body,the,身体,129,161,163,179,190,194,195,348;see also‘deformity’,‘nakedness’(另外参看“畸形”,“裸体”)

boeotia,彼奥提亚,44,111,157—8,168,196,199,20l,217,295,312,314,319

bouleuterion,议事会厅,45,51,69

boxing,boxers,拳击,拳击手,163ff.,167,168,172,176,236,328

breeding and birth,养育和出生,142,160,161,186,241,252,258

bribery and extortion,贿赂和勒索,215,229,293,300,306,309,316,322;see also‘corruption’(另外参看“腐败”)

brigands,强盗,41,45,141

bucolic(pastoral,idyllic)poetry,田园诗,189—90,357,360,361

caricature,漫画,73,230,233,270

carthage,the carthaginians,迦太基,迦太基人,118,121,223,242,284,285,286,318,320

cataloguing,编目,20;see also‘collecting and classification’(另外参看“搜集和分类”)

celebrity,celebrities,名人,名人们,206—7,233,241,330,257,297,328,349,359;cheapening of quality of,and condemnation,品质的廉价,谴责,348—9;see also‘notoriety’,‘personalities’,‘publicity’(另外参看“臭名昭著”,“人格”,“公众性”)

celestial phenomena,and natural explanations,天文现象,自然的解释,270,271,272

chaeronea,battle of,喀罗尼亚战役,86,223—4,283,289,307,312ff.,325,330,341,344

character,belief in the innateness of,品格,对内在本质的确信,142

chariots,chariot-racing,charioteers,赛车,赛车手,145,151—2,161,164,166,168,169,170—2,174,178,180,206,240,326—7

childlikeness,孩子般的,23,34,68,145—6

children,儿童,189,201,252,258,291,312,338;logical arguments against begetting of,对生儿育女的合乎逻辑的看法,109;stories for,故事,209,210;see also‘abortion’,‘defeat in war’,‘deformity’,‘exposure’,‘families’,‘fathers and sons’(另外参看“流产”,“战败”,“畸形”,“弃婴”,“家庭”,“父亲和儿子”)

chios,and the voluntary death of the old,开俄斯,老年人自愿死亡,114—15

choregiai,the,捐助,182,228,233,238,259,304,319,327,353

chronologies,年代学,20—22,220

cimon,客蒙,132,227,242,245,262,290

citharists( kitharodoi ),弹唱艺人,181—2,183,259

cities,the city,城市,18,29,39—41,48ff.,136—7,160,167,174,174—5,179,180,196,200,213,215,217,233,237—8,239,283ff.,290,292,293,295,299,312,316—17,319,320,356,359,363;see also‘polis’(另外参看“城邦”)

citizens,citizenship(of the polis),公民,(城邦的)公民权,38,45,53ff.,73,75,78,79,96,161,167,174,181,186ff.,197,200,213,218,221,224,227,228—30,240,241,245,249,251,271,276,279,284,285,293,299ff.,305,307,309,312,313,320,338,348,355,356;‘false’,错误的,186

civic:duties,公民义务,see‘ leitourgiai ’;virtue,见“公益服务”;德性,319

civil war,and the polis ,内战,城邦,33,61

clans,家族,173;see also‘ genos ’(另外参看“氏族”)

classical studies,古典研究,8,11

cleanthes,克里恩特斯,77,123

cleisthenes,克里斯提尼,39,40,215,222

cleisthenes of sicyon,西库翁的克里斯提尼,161,166,205

cleomenes(iii),克里奥蒙尼(三世),121,347,357—8

cleon,克里昂,75,78,224,225,226,235,297

cleopatra,克里奥帕特拉,119—20

cleruchs,移居者,296

cliques,派系,219,292;see also‘ hetaireiai ’(另外参看“政治团体”)

clothing,costume,衣服,服装,26,52,79,129,187,196,203,235,236,241,258,258—9,264,265,309,314,322,323,324,328,343,352,361 clubs,political,俱乐部,政治,see‘ hetaireiai ’(另外参看“政治团体”)

cock- and quail- fighting,and the agon,斗鸡和斗鹌鹑,赛会,166

collecting and classification,搜集和分类,356

colonies,colonization,殖民地,殖民,18,21—2,22,40—1,137,178,139,160,161,169,177,181,186,213,214,221,227,228,286,288,296,304,320,332,356

comedy,喜剧,33,53,73ff.,182,195,229,230,232ff.,242,254,259,271,273,277,289;middle,中期,75,76,273,274,305,329,331,332,333,336,341;new(er),later,新,后期,274,305,329,331,333,335,350,357,359,360

comic humour,and the heroic world,喜剧幽默,英雄世界,145,149—50,151

commerce,商业,41,44,52,54,166,186,187,188,222,298,304

common good(or ideal whole),the:and the polis ,公益(或理想的整体),城邦,55,57—8,59,60,64

communal living,and pythagoras,公有制,毕达哥拉斯,211

communism,predatory,共产主义,掠夺的,276

conscience,良心,65,66,79,273

consciousness,意识,12,81,205,234;collective,集体的,95;moral,道德的,210;national,民族的,224

constitutions,政体,54,58,59,60,61,186—7,213,222,224,319;see also‘lawgiving’,‘laws’‘ nomos ’(例外参看“立法”,“法律”,“律法”)

consumer demand,客户需求,190

contract,idea of the polisas a mutual,of security for its members,契约,把城邦看成一种保护其成员安全的相互的,62

contractors,and comedy,承包商,喜剧,74

conversation,交谈,52,53,71,166,183,202ff.,251,258,261,261—2,262,265,266,342,349,356

cookery,the cook,烹饪,厨师,333,334,335

coquetry,卖弄风情,360

corinth,科林斯,14,29,31,69,178,201,202,232,286,294,295,305,314,320;see also‘isthmian games’(另外参看“伊斯特摩亚竞技会”)

corinthian war,科林斯战争,223

corn(grain)production,supply and trade,谷物生产,供应和商业,218—19,300,315

corruption,in political life,腐败,在政治生活中,219,254,277,290,300,303,307,309;see also‘bribery’,‘peculation’(例外参看“行贿”,“盗用”)

cosmography,and myth,宇宙结构学,神话,139—40,148

cosmopolitanism,世界主义,317,325,355

counsellors,the(in the ideal polis ),顾问,(在理想的城邦),189

courage:loss of,and the hero,勇气:失去,英雄,145;in war,and agriculture,在战争中,农业,188

court life,宫廷生活,87,147—8,230,332,337,340,359,356,359,360

courtesans see‘hetaerae’,交际花,见“高级妓女”

courtesy,in homer,礼貌,在荷马中,140

courtship,wooing,求婚,求爱,166,252,258;see also‘coquetry’,‘gallantry’,‘marriage’(另外参看“卖弄风情”,“骑士风度”,“婚姻”)

cowardice,and suicide,怯懦,自杀,120ff.

crafts,craftsmen,手艺,工匠,160,187,190—2

creativity,and the greeks,创造力,希腊人,133,135

crime,criminality,犯罪,犯罪行为,30l,322,334—5

crisis in greek life,希腊生活中的危机,277,278

critias,克里底亚,243,271

croesus,克罗索斯,65,102,171,206,209

croton,克罗顿,49,83,169,175,211,212,318

cruelty,athenian,冷酷无情,雅典人的,308

cuckoldry,通奸,74,254

cult,cults,崇拜,xxxvii,22,24,29,37,38,42,46,48,50,57,58,58—9,64,133,138,167,168,174,176,182,206,207,211,212,233,250,251,273,288,330,350,356

cultural history,文化史,xvi—xvii,xxiii—xxiv,xxx— xxxii,xxxii—xli,3ff.,12,63,85,254,277,282,350

cunning,狡猾,144,257,275,300

cupidity,(for significant objects,not treasure),and the heroic world,贪得无厌(对有意义的目标,而非财宝),英雄世界,150

curses,诅咒,26,27,141,152,174,200,248

cynicism,the cynics,犬儒主义,犬儒学派,77,98,123,198,333,344.

cyrus the elder,老居鲁士,52,69,214

cyrus the younger,小居鲁士,257,318

dances,dancing,跳舞,舞蹈,27,148,156,157,161,162,169,205,231,259,263

darius,大流士,214,215,242,362

death,attitude to and evaluation of,死亡,观念和评价,81,85,90—1,94—5,98,99,103ff.,111ff.,121ff.,141,146,172,173,206,260,316;see also‘departure from mankind’,‘exposure’,‘suicide’(另外参看“背离人类”,“弃婴”,“自杀”)

decadence(decline,disintegration,decay),堕落(衰落,分裂,衰退),56,81,162,230,237,264,274ff.,280,283—4,288,289—90,291,293,294,304,307,316—17,317,322,329,330,336,343,346,347,348,359,359—60;see also‘degeneration’,‘theorizing’(另外参看“退化”,“理论化”)

deceitfulness,dishonesty,欺骗,不诚实,xxxviii,5,68—71,80,144,247,250—1,275,277,278,297,30,301,302,351;see also‘lawcourts’,‘truth’(另外参看“法庭”,“真理”)

defeat in war,consequences of,战败,结果,96,117ff.,215,247,274—5,282ff.,293,295,312—13,330

defence,of the polis,and divided counsels of banausoi,辩护,城邦,对匠人不同的看法,190

deformity,and the greeks,畸形,希腊人,54,74,110,130,190,193

degeneration,退化,100,142,155,290—1;see also‘breeding and birth’,‘heredity’(另外参看“养育和出生”,“继承”)

deisidaimonia,对神灵的敬畏,271,272,273,354;see also‘fear of the gods’,‘religion’(另外参看“惧怕神灵”,“宗教”)

delicacy of feeling,of the homeric world,敏感,荷马世界,65,( aidos )(荣誉) 79—80,135,146

delphi,delphic oracle(the pythia),德尔斐,德尔斐神谕(皮提亚),xxxvii,17,29,49,49—50,82,89,92,102,141,174,176,178—9,180,197,202,207,209,210—11,213,220,223,250,265,267,271,272,293,323,325,328,352;see also‘pythian games’(另外参看“皮提亚运动会”)

demagogues,demagogy,民众领袖,xxxvi,27,74,246,257,278,290,295,316,345

demeter,得墨忒耳,17,21,33,(chamyne)(查米尼)177,(eleusinian)(厄琉西斯)201,207

demetrius poliorcetes,德莫特里乌斯·波利奥科特斯,358,362

democracy,democracies,democrats,the democratic,民主制度,民主派,民主的,xxxvi,59,59,60,73,96,131,162,170,185,186,189,191,215,216,222,227,228,229,231,238,239,240,240—1,245,246,247,273,274,275,278,279,282,286,289ff.,295,296,298,307ff.,316,320,322,326,327,329,345,353

democritus,德谟克利特,109,113,122—3,325,328

demos,the,德莫斯,xxxvi,47,74,75,189,229,292—3,306,308,313,333,345;see also‘people’(另外参看“人民”)

demosthenes,德摩斯提尼,xxxvii,30,56,78,80,111,191,223,224,230,271,290,292,302,303,304,308ff.,310—12,313,314,316,316—17,317,333,339,342,343

denunciation(public accusation),诋毁(公开的谴责),73,96,196,218,219,281,301,307,313,345;see also‘ asebeia ’,‘lawcourts’(另外参看“渎神”,“法庭”)

departure from mankind,mysterious,背离人类,神秘的,33,176,184

descent,from gods or heroes,世系,神灵或英雄,16,20,32—4,142,176,242,278,322

destiny,命中注定,65,93,99,102,358;see also‘fate’(另外参看“命运”)

devotion to the state( polis ),对国家(城邦)的贡献,186,243,245,248,322

diadochoi,the,继承者,33,40,48,50,l00,132,181 250,332,335,337,

340,346ff.,355,356,358,359,361

diagoras of melos,米洛斯岛的狄亚格拉斯,176,271,272

dialectic,辩证法,268;see also‘socratic dialectic’(另外参看“苏格拉底的辩证法”)

dialogue,the philosophical,对话,哲学的,182,246,262,268

dignity,and the hero,尊严,英雄,140

dilettantism,the dilettante,业余爱好者,183,195,239,357

diodorus,狄奥多洛斯,19,131,294

diogenes,狄奥格尼斯,77,123,305,320,325,327,333

dioikizein(to send to separate districts),发配到独立的地区,49;see also‘synoecism’(另外参看“联合一统”)

diomedes,狄俄墨得斯,22,31,91—2,129,137,138,141,143,145,155,164

dion,狄翁,285,319,320,340

dionysian,the,狄俄倪索斯的,see‘apollonian and dionysian’(参看“阿波罗的和狄俄倪索斯的”)

dionysian:festivals(dionysiae),狄俄倪索斯的:节日(狄俄倪希亚),61,73,207,211,232,233,234,260,277,304;mysteries,神秘仪式,211;excess,过度,212

dionysius the elder,老狄俄倪索斯,30,132,175,178,283,284—5,286,290,294,318,321,328,340

dionysius the younger,小狄俄倪索斯,261,285,319,332,337,340

dionysus,(kissos)狄俄倪索斯,(基索斯),17,20,29,35,131,211,288,330;see also‘dionysian’(另外参看“狄俄倪索斯的”)

disaster,its ideal purpose in greek mythology,灾难,其在希腊神话学中的理想目标,95,150

discus- and javelin- throwing,投掷铁饼和标枪,163,167

dishonour,and suicide,羞耻,自杀,120—2

disrespect,for law,parents,elders,不尊敬,对于法律,父母,老年人,279,280,231,298,302

dissembling,and social or political life,虚伪,社会或政治生活,140,275,278,297

distributions,of money or meat,分配,钱或肉,304,306

dithyramb,the,酒神颂歌,324,329

divine wrath,神怒,64,141,166,273,294

divinity,and the hero and heroic world,神性,英雄和英雄世界,144,147

divorce,separation,离婚,分离,252,257,338,339

doctors,physicians,医生,129,150,152,297,323,327

domestic,the,国内的,see‘household’(参看“家庭”)

dorian:migration,多利亚人:移民,14,15,17,38,44,138,157,159;women,妇女,357—8,359

dorians,the,多利亚人,14,18,38,39,136,287

doricism,多利亚主义,161;see also‘laconism’(另外参看“拉科尼亚主义”)

drama,戏剧,10,28,57,63,140,182,211,233,251,254,280,330,356

dramatic and choric agon,the,戏剧和合唱比赛,238—9,242,321,326,330

dreams:significant,梦:有意义的,171;interpreters of,释梦者,354

drinking vessels,酒器,260;see also‘eating and drinking’(另外参看“吃饭和喝酒”)

eating and drinking,吃饭和喝酒,166,187,198,203,204,231,235,260,262,263,332—3,333—4,335

ecclesia,ecclesiasts,公民大会,297,299

education,教育,11,56—7,64,79,85,142,161,166,167,168,183ff.,192,197,201,220,222,239,242,243,268,270,271,278,279,292,356,357,362;see also‘training’(另外参看“训练”)

egoism,个人主义,66,68,140,247,272,273,276,320,325

egypt,the egyptians,埃及,埃及人,11,17,23,40,41,99,135,138,162,202,209,215,218,226,227,299,306,326,330,335,347,355,358

eikei,(taking it as it comes),as a way of living,顺其自然地生活,作为一种生活方式,99

eisangelia,国家控告,313

eleatic school,爱利亚学派,269

elegy,哀歌诗,83,106—7,107—8,133,151,204,262,329,360,361

eleusinian:games(eleusinia),埃留西斯的:运动会,206,207,232,324;mysteries,神秘仪式,211

eleven,the,十一人团,229

eloquence,雄辩,239,247,266,267—8,307,310,314,325,329,350;see also‘intellect’,‘rhetoric’,‘sophists’(另外参看“智力”,“修辞”,“诡辩家”)

emigration:to the colonies,移民:到殖民地,160;as a crime,作为一种犯罪,324—5,(travelling)(旅行),355

emotion,new vein of,and hellenistic age,情感,新的脉络,希腊化时代,361

emotionalism of the athenians,and the practice of virtue,雅典人的情感主义,道德的实践,236—7

empedocles,恩多培克勒,122,178,241

ends of the earth,life at the,大地的尽头,生活在,139,148—9,155

endurance of suffering,and true greatness,忍受痛苦,真正的伟大,115—16

enemies,the ability to terrify and harm one’s,as a blessing of life,威吓和伤害一个人的敌人的能力,作为一种生命的赐福,82

engineers,(military master),机械师,(军事专家),191,241

enjoyment:of life,享受生活,203,325;the pursuit of,追求,282,304;see also‘food’,‘pleasure’(另外参看“食物”,“快乐”)

enterprise,need for excitement,love of new or extraordinary,of the athenians,企业,兴奋的需求,喜欢新的或超常的,雅典人,226,291,297

envy,嫉妒,72ff.,80,86,88,104,111—12,152,171,196,212,235,276,280,296,309;see also‘jealousy of the gods’(另外参看“神的嫉妒”)

epaminondas,伊帕密农达,33,47,287,318,319—20,320,322,327,340,344

ephebeia,成年,183

ephebes,the,年轻人,167,168,183,315

ephesus,埃菲苏斯,110,211,216,240

epic cycle,the,史诗周期,25,140

epic poetry,epic poets,史诗,史诗作家,19,20,21,28,42,63,87,94,95,133,140,143,156,163,254,271,329;see also‘epic cycle’,‘homer’(另外参看“史诗周期”,“荷马”)

epicureanism,伊壁鸠鲁主义,98,347

epicurus,伊壁鸠鲁,68,123,136,263,268,325—6,327,349;the school of,学派,62,68

epideictic,the,辞藻华丽的,221,267,318,321,350;see also‘oratory’(另外参看“演说术”)

epigram,格言,72,133,208,262,273,329;hate- epigrams( skoptika ),仇恨诗句,72

epithets,ornamental,in homer,装饰性的绰号,在荷马史诗中,147

equality(and inequality),平等(和不平等),39,45,203,224,225,243,246,271,276,279—80

equestrian:contests,马术比赛,168,169,170—1,178,237;statues,地位,180;see also‘chariots’(另外参看“赛车”)

eranos(communal picnic),the,公共野餐,203

eris(strife),厄利斯(斗争),165,188

eros,厄洛斯,199,330

erotic dalliance,in poetry,充满性爱成分的调情,在诗歌中,360—1

ethics:philosophical,伦理学:哲学的,62,64,65,240,317;greek,and the mean( meson ),希腊,中庸,64—5;a dual ethic,双重伦理,79;and the sophists,诡辩家,265,268;and love of man and boy,男人和男孩之爱,361—2;see also‘pythagoreanism’,‘socratic ethic’(另外参看“毕达哥拉斯主义”,“苏格拉底的伦理”)

ethnography,人种学,11,14,21,22,25,42

ethnos,部族,38

etruscans,the,埃特鲁里亚人,164,181

etymology,and the greeks,词源学,希腊人,18;see also‘names’(另外参看“姓名”)

eubulus,欧布鲁斯,297,301,304,307,311

euergesia,公众的娱乐活动,350

euphemism,and the athenians,委婉的说法,雅典人,237

euripides,欧里庇得斯,30,35,67,70,74,76,113,129,130,144,166,222,230,232,244,255,256,257,261,264,268,271,273,276,297,324,330,348,361

excellence(arete),优秀,55,57,64,160,161,165,191,193,239,240,290;see also‘kalokagathia’(另外参看“优秀品质”)

exceptions,and the polis ,例外,城邦,245,248

existence,the value of human,存在,人的价值,see‘birth’,‘death ’,‘love’,‘misery’,‘pessimism ’,‘suicide’,‘worthlessness’(参看“出生”,“死亡”,“爱”,“痛苦”,“自杀”,“毫无价值”)

expansion,and the greeks,拓展,希腊人,139,214;see also‘colonies’(另外参看“殖民地”)

expediency,权宜之计,78,275

exposure,of infants,弃婴,29,54,92,l09—11,130,342,359;see also‘families’(另外参看“家庭”)

external world,greek perception of,外部世界,希腊人的感受,8,12;see also‘natural world’,‘subjectivity of perception’,‘world’(另外参看“自然世界”,“感觉的主观性”,“世界”)

fables,animal-,动物寓言,208—10

falsehood,the right to,犯错误的权利,see‘deceitfulness’,‘oaths’,‘truth’(另外参看“欺骗”,“誓言”,“真理”)

fame(pursuit or love of),(追求或热爱)声名,71—2,81,82,96,144,149,163,169,170,173,173—4,175,179,181,183,184,196,202,206,207,212,222,230,238,239,242,244,248—9,250,274,288,321,322,326,328,329,337,342,347—8,349,359;see also‘celebrity’,‘noble fame’,‘publicity’(另外参看“名人”,“高贵的声名”,“公众性”)

families,the family,家庭,26,32,36—7,61,66,87,88,96,l09,111,117ff.,130,158,162,170,173,183,187,203,222,250,252,254,258,277,279,280,288,290,291,292,297,299,315,338—9,354;and the hero,英雄,142;restricting the size of the family,限制家庭的规模,158,also‘exposure’,弃婴;see also‘breeding and birth’,‘fathers and sons’,‘genos’,‘paternal authority’,‘women’(另外参看“养育和出生”,“父亲和儿子”,“氏族”,“父亲的权威”,“妇女”)

famine,女性的,218,219,287,323

fanatics,agonal,狂热者,赛会的,180

farming,farmers,务农,农民,185,188,189,201,217—18,307;see also‘agriculture’(另外参看“农民”)

fashion,时尚,258—9

fate,fate,the fates,命运,58—9,86ff.,l04,111,112,273

fate of the greeks,not the work of chance,希腊人的命运,不是偶然性的安排,81

fathers and sons,父亲和儿子,38,66,67,81,92,l00,l08,129,130,142,147,170,172,173,187,190,191,193,200,244,259,279,281,290—2,302,306,316,334,338,339,357;see also‘degeneration’(另外参看“退化”)

fear:of the gods,惧怕神灵,64,66,146,273;of the supernatural,超自然的,64;in rankings of motives of human conduct,在人类行为动机的排列中,71;of the future,未来,97,104;of punishment after death,死后的惩罚,99,l06;of death,derided,死亡,嘲弄,106;of old age,老年,107;see also‘courage’(另外参看“勇气”)

feasts,feasting,宴会,35,148,166,198,203,204,232,239,343

femininity,女性化,200,251,253,361

fencing contests,击剑比赛,328

ferocity,of the hero,英雄的暴行,142;see also‘passion’(另外参看“激情”)

festivals,节庆活动,34,44,57,61,73,89,96,118,123,161,162,168,169,176ff.,181,189,207,232,233,240,241,251,275,286,289—90,304,309,321,322,324,329,340,359,360

fiction,humorous(derisive),小说,幽默的(嘲讽的),208

field work,field workers,田间作业,田间作业者,160,189,190,197;see also‘farming’,‘peasants’,‘slaves’(另外参看“务农”,“农民”,“奴隶”)

figurative,the:greek gift for seeing and for,希腊人富于观察和造型的天赋,133

financial business,金融业,186;see also‘money’(另外参看“货币”)

first and best,the urge always to be,总是力求成为第一和最好的,72,96,140,164,238,245,304,327;see also‘success’(另外参看“成功”)

fishmongers,fishermen,鱼贩,渔夫,334

flatterers,toadies,奉承者,献媚者,198,230,231,261,289,335—6,337,337—8,351—2;see also‘parasites’(另外参看“食客”)

fleet,the athenian,舰队,雅典人的,218,306

flight from the state,逃离国家,see‘turning away’(见“转身”)

flute-girls,吹笛少女,259,260,262,263,306,313,359

food,食物,147,334,335;imports,进口,218,332;poets,and cookery,诗人,烹饪,333;the enjoyment of,享受,334;see also‘eating and drinking’(另外参看“吃饭和喝酒”)

foot race,the,竞走,163,167,169,177,180,180—1

foreigners(in the polis ),外国人(在城邦中),187,192,196,218,219,241,279,280,299,304;see also‘metics’,‘strangers’(另外参看“定居的外邦人”,“陌生人”)

forgery:usefulness of the,for cultural history,伪造:用处,对文化史来讲,xxxi,l0;and chronologies,年代学,19

forgiveness,谅解,66,278

fortune(and misfortune),运气(不幸),57,64,72,92,99,99—100,l02ff.,111,121,148,149,241,277,297,326;see also‘ tychai ’,‘ tyche ’,‘ wickedness ’(另外参看“命运女神”,“邪恶”)

frankness,candour,坦白,坦率,71,204,232,261,263,351;and the akairos,极为不懂人情世故的人,354;see also‘self-display’(另外参看“自我展示”)

freedom,自由,11—12,53,57—8,60,85,97,133,157,162,184,195,199,203,212,224,232,233,235,279,279—80,291,325,355;see also‘liberalism’(另外参看“自由主义”)

freshness,and the hero,活力,英雄,140

friendship,friends,友谊,朋友,69,81,82,83,106,198,228,232,233,275,297

funeral:games,葬礼:运动会,141,155,164;rites,l09,112,114,115,223,321;orations,演说,26,223—4,313,321;see also‘funerals’,‘graves’,‘monuments’,‘pericles’(另外参看“葬礼”,“坟墓”,“纪念碑”,“伯里克利”)

funerals:and the gymnastic agon,葬礼:体育赛会,164—5;and fame,声名,321

funerary steles,坟墓旁边的纪念性石柱,249,340

furnace(fire)and anvil,the despised,火炉和铁砧,蔑视,192,197

gallantry,骑士风度,358

games,运动会,35,51,160,164,166;see also‘agon’,‘athletes’,‘funeral games’,‘gymnasium’,‘olympia’(另外参看“赛会”,“运动员”,“葬礼运动会”,“体育馆”,“奥林匹亚”)

gardens,gardeners,花园,园丁,146,149,363

genealogies,谱系,14,15,18ff.,25,26,32—4,42,220,278

genos(clan based on descent),氏族,38

gentleness,and the greeks,温柔,希腊人,133

geography,地理学,217,362;and myth,神话,22,25,94,137—8,139,149

geometry,an egyptian invention,几何学,埃及人的发明,17

gifts,of the gods(or muses),天赋,神(缪斯),16—17,59,68,81,84,86,

l05,142,144,145,147,239,242,261

gladiatorial contests,角斗比赛,164,178,181

glory,光荣,144,172,237,250,347

gluttons( opsophagoi ),gluttony(and poetry),暴食者,暴饮暴食(诗人),75,333,334

go-betweens,中间人,256,342

gods,the,神,16,20,32ff.,58,59,60,63ff.,68,69,70,81ff.,86,88,89ff.,99ff.,114,130,132,139,143,145,150,151,163,188,189,193,195,204,241,244,254,278,280,315,322,323,330;doubt concerning or rejection of belief in,怀疑或拒斥对神的信仰,211,266—7,270,271,272,273,278,359;see also‘descent’,‘divine wrath’,‘gifts’,‘jealousy’,‘personfication’,‘theophanies’(另外参看“世系”,“神怒”,“礼物”,“嫉妒”,“人格化”,“显灵”)

golden age,the,黄金时代,94,l00

good life,the,好的生活,327;see also‘blessings of life’(另外参看“生活的赐福”)

goodness,of the homeric world,善,荷马世界,65;see also‘ kalokagathia ’(另外参看“优秀品质”)

gorgias,高尔吉亚,109,178,223,241,250,265,266,267,270,342

gossip,rumour,流言,谣言,73,76,162,212,230,238,256,261,262,291,311,353,354;‘club-’“俱乐部-”,202;see also‘ leschai ’(另外参看“议事厅”)

government:lawful,政府:遵守法律的,222;frivolity of,琐屑,279;contempt of authorities in,蔑视权威,289

graces,flight of the,优雅,消失,l06

grammar,education in,(and aidos ),语法,教育,(荣誉),79,166,183

gratitude(and vengeance),感谢,(复仇),67—8,84,241

graves,坟墓,39,46,49,50,174,;80,181,249,250—1,260,297,299,342;the laying waste of,and(political)punishment,废弃,(政治上的)惩罚,61;see also‘monuments,funeral’(另外参看“纪念碑,葬礼”)

greater greece,大希腊,see‘magna graecia’

greatheartedness,and the hero,宽宏大量,英雄,140

greatness,伟大,81,244,257

greatness of soul,and the hero,伟大的灵魂,英雄,141,145

grief and mourning,悲伤和哀悼,111,141,142,147,151,30l,321,358;see also‘laments for the dead’(另外参看“哀悼死者”)

guardianship,护卫,339

guilt(absence of sense of),and false oaths,没有负罪感,错误的誓言,70

gymnasiarchy,the,运动场监督官,167,304

gymnastics,the gymnasium,体育运动,运动场,51,57,161,163ff.,166—8,169,178,181,183,185,186,199,205,206,229,235,237ff.,253,280,326,327,356;and trainers(instructors),训练员(教练),167,175,180,183

hades,哈得斯,27,94,105,113,116,166,173,224,273,278

hannibal,汉尼拔,118,284

happiness,快乐,xxxix,55,81—2,82,83,84,85,93,95,96,98,l02—3,l03,111,115,241,258;of others,其他的,64,326,340

hardening,of the nerves,of feeling(growing a thick skin),and political life,神经和感情的麻木(脸皮变厚),政治生活,73,74,76,77,78,234

harlots( pornai ),妓女,235,252,256,257;slave-( pallachai ),奴隶-(妓女),257,342

harmony,and the whole man,和谐,完整的人,186,193,195

hatred,public acceptability of wholehearted,公众对全身心的仇恨的接纳能力,66

health,健康,82,83,85,129,238,326

heart,lightness of,as a blessing of life,愉快的心境,作为一种生命的赐福,83

heartache( kertomein ),from stinging words,由讽刺造成的心痛,72,74;see also‘mockery’(另外参看“嘲讽”)

hearth and home,灶台和家,37;see also‘families’,‘household’(另外参看“家庭”)

hearth of hellas,希腊人的灶台,220,265

hedonist sects and doctrines,享乐主义派别和信条,98,325,327,331,333

hegemony,hegemonies(city-),霸权,霸主,44,46,213,217,225,227,228,230,274,295,296

hegesias of cyrene,昔兰尼的赫格西亚斯,98,123

heiresses,女继承人,17,339,340,357

heliasts,宗教裁判,297

hellenes,the,希腊人,13—14,18,23,127,166,168,236,284;athens and,雅典人和,219,220,222,223,230,231,295,298,311,311—12

hellenism,hellenization,希腊主义,希腊化,9,36,282,284,305,318,320,347,355—6,361

helots,希洛人,185,186,188,335,358

hephaestus,赫淮斯托斯,31,33,150,193,200,254

hera,赫拉,18,20,89ff.,(lacinia)(拉奇尼亚),169,175,181,194

heracles,赫拉克利斯,20,21,22,24,26,29,31,333,35,38,49,88,89—90,116,124,131,132,136ff.,141ff.,146,150,163,175,176,181,183,199,221,255,293,303,320,323,331

heraclids,the(heracleidae),赫拉克利斯家族,26,38,221,223,247,288,293,320

heraclitus,赫拉克利特,122,211,216,232,269

heralds,传令官,57,151—2,157,215,281

heredity,and character,strength,excellence,遗传,性格,力量,优秀,142,290;see also‘degeneration’(另外参看“退化”)

hermes,赫尔墨斯,20,30,35,95,115,181,183,199,281,330,331

herms,mutilation of the,赫尔墨斯的残疾,74,229,247,281

herodotus,希罗多德,50,66,102,103,178,202,206,211,223,245,324—5

heroes,英雄,20ff.,31,32,42,86ff.,116,131,136ff.,150,154—5,163,165,168,172,176,185,195,224,255,315;cult(s)of,崇拜,xxxvii,22,29,35,42,48,58,174;qualities of the hero ,英雄的品质,140—7,163;see also‘descent’,‘personification’(另外参看“世系”,“人格化”)

hesiod,赫西俄德,42,94,100,130,149,152,155ff.,165,181,188,189,200,209;and the world of works and days ,《工作与时日》的世界,64,82,l00,l0l,157—8,185,200

hetaerae(‘courtesans’),高级妓女,201—2,202,251,252,257,258,259,306,338,341—2,343,348,349,358—9,360,361

hetaireiai(political clubs,cliques),政治全体,204,248,275,278;see also‘cliques’,‘gossip’(另外参看“派系”,“流言”)

higher life,among the greeks,and the agon,高级的生活,在希腊人中,赛会,165

highest good,greek doctrine of the,至善,希腊人的信条,see‘blessings of life’(见“生活的赐福”)

hippias,西庇阿斯,241,264—5,265,267,269,270

hippodrome,the,音乐厅,172

hipponax,希波纳克斯,72,73,208

hippotrophia(the keeping of purebred horses),驯养纯种马,131,161,168,170—1,171—2,174,180,189,240,259

historians,历史学家,305,325

history,历史学家,xivff.,xviii—xxiv,xl,3ff.,9—10,12,15,36,51,215,267,270,294,356;and mythology,神话学,15—24,26ff.,36,136,155,176,220,225;untruths and,非真理,68;see also‘cultural history’,‘historians’(另外参看“文化史”,“历史学家”)

holy men,eccentric(founders of weird or strange cults),圣人,怪人(神秘的或奇怪的崇拜的创立者),206,207,211

homer(‘the poet’),荷马(“诗人”),14,19,20,21—2,42,65,131,133,137,138,140ff.,143,148—9,151,152,152—3,155,163,165,199,206,220,221,225,273,322,349,362;the(heroic)world of,34,(英雄)世界,65,66,79—80,139ff.,146ff.,163—4,165,168;and men as they are,正像他们那样,155—6,156;rejection of or attacks on,拒斥或攻击,211,249

homosexual love,同性之爱,199—200,251,340—1,361—2

honour( timé ),荣誉,37,83;and revenge,复仇,67—8;love of(philotimia),热爱荣誉,71—2;and suicide,自杀,120ff.

honourable wealth or gain,光荣的财富或收益,83,158

honours:peddlers of,荣誉贩卖者,306,307;a nervous giving of,to powerful and despicable alike,害怕给予强有力的和可鄙的人以荣誉,348—9;see also‘rewards’(另外参看“奖励”)

hope,希望,98,l06—7

hospitality,好客,148—9,203,219,221

household,the,家庭,37,55,147—8,158,20l,209,225,235,251,252,253,255—6,258,259,264—5,291,340,342,352,354,358—9,359

human sacrifice,人的献祭,49—51

humiliation,and the public rebuke,羞辱,公开的指责,77

hunting,狩猎,24,155,156,157,161,189,201;contests,竞赛,328

hyperides,希波里得斯,80,l06,311,312,316,324,328

hypocrisy:and the hero,伪善:英雄,146;and sparta,斯巴达,243

iambics,iambic poets,短长格诗,短长格诗作者,72,73,200,207,234

idealization,the ideal,理想化,典范,141,146—7,157,185,195,199,20l,220,225,232,237,240,244,255,297,319,326,340,341;see also‘utopias’(另外参看“乌托邦”)

ideals,idealists,idealism,理想,理想主义者,理想主义,317,320,321—2,322,347

idyll,see‘bucolic poetry’(见“田园诗”)

illness,attitude to,对疾病的态度,117

immortality of the gods,and the hero,神灵和英雄的不道德,142

impiety,the charge of,受到不虔诚的指控,see‘ asebeia ’(见“渎神”)

indifference,civic,漠不关心,公民的,289,325,346;see also‘hardening’,‘turning away’(另外参看“麻木”,“转身”)

individual,the:condition and development of,个人的状况和发展,xiiiff.,xxxvi,6,55ff.,72,95—6,162,166,178,206,211,229,240,243,249,258,273,317,355,359;see also‘individuality’,‘personalities’,‘panhellenes’(另外参看“个体”,“人格”,“泛希腊”)

individuality,individualism,个体,个人主义,133,206,207,211,246,266,293,321—2

indolence,the fame of,以懒惰而出名,228;see also‘leisure’(另外参看“闲暇”)

industry and manufacture,手工生产,54,188,190,191,192,196,202,217,287;see also‘commerce’,‘inventions’,‘labour’,‘manufacturers’,‘silver mines’,‘trade’(另外参看“商业”,“发明”,“劳力”,“制造业主”,“银矿”,“经商”)

influence,in political life,在政治生活中的影响,253,257,310,318,319,328,358,360;see also‘personal power’,‘power’(另外参看“个人的力量”,“力量”)

informers,in political life,政治生活中的告密者,196,229,281,313

inheritance:rights of,继承权,37—8,38,338,340;and guarding against swindlers,保护(人们)免于受骗,301—2;and adoption,领养,338—9

inner:life,内在的生活,135,155,205,325;weakness of the greek cities,希腊城市的虚弱,316—17;superiority and vitality of the greek tradition,希腊传统的优势和活力,347

innocence,of the hero,英雄的天真,145—6

intellect:refinement of,知识上的精致化,65;honouring of the,without wealth,以此为荣,没有财富,235,343—4;power of,力量,and developed medium,发展起来的媒介,268;dimming of the,模糊,275;see also‘learning’(另外参看“学习”)

intellectual:supremacy,and athens,知识的至高无上,雅典,206,305;life,and political decline,生活,政治的衰落,294,346

intensity,of living(and suffering),紧张,生活(痛苦),57,95,178

intrigue,intriguers,阴谋,阴谋家,229,230,298

inventions,发明,17,135,136,149,219

inventors,mythical,发明家,神话的,149,166

ionia,the ionians,the ionian cities,爱奥尼亚,爱奥尼亚人,爱奥尼亚城市,14,38—9,39,43,44,53,128,137,138,161,162,187,201,206,211,213,214,215,221,222,231,232,247,250,287,305,317;ionian style of high-living,爱奥尼亚高级的生活方式,206;ionian school,爱奥尼亚学派,210,211

irony,the costs of socratic,苏格拉底的讽刺的代价,76—7

islands of the blessed,至福群岛,139,155

isocrates,伊索克拉底,21,182,191,222,230,292,297—8,304,305,308,318,320,325,326,329,342,349

isthmian games,the,伊斯特摩亚竞技会,169,174,327

italy(southern),意大利(南部)22,175,181,187,211,214,318,340,361;see also‘magna graecia’(另外参看“大希腊”)

jealousy(or envy)of the gods,the,神灵的嫉妒,66,86,88—9,92,94,102,104,273

jeering,嘲笑,see‘mockery’,参看“嘲讽”

jesters( gelotopoioi ),小丑,151,332,337

jokes,jokers(wits),笑话,讲笑话者(风趣),259,263,331,337,361

judges,agonal,裁判,赛会的,163,164,182,239,280,330

jumping,跳远,163,167

justice,正义,52,54,55,64,66,67,74,77,82,l00,158,161,219,227,289;see also‘lawcourts’(另外参看“法庭”)

kalokagathia(nobility,wealth and excellence),the ideal of,“优秀品质”的理想,65,160,161,193,199,238,239,240—1,280,308

knowledge:and the sophists,知识:诡辩家,269—70;the flourishing of,兴盛,328;of nature,自然,362;see also‘natural world’,‘positive knowledge’,‘practical knowledge’(另外参看“自然世界”,“确定的知识”,“实用的知识”)

kottabos,泼酒游戏,259

labour,劳力,102,158,356;and the hero and heroic world,英雄和英雄世界,89—90,147,149;see also‘banausic’,‘toil’(另外参看“物质性的”,“劳作”)

laconism,laconising,laconists,拉科尼亚主义,拉科尼亚主义者,203,208,236,264,353

lalos,the,讲话啰唆的人,352

laments for the dead( threnoi ),对死者进行哀悼,l04,111,329

lamian war,拉米亚战争,106,174,224,317,344

land:ownership,土地所有权,160,186ff.,191,192,213,218,332,340,353;income from,收入来源,189;tenancy,租用,218,298;see also‘inheritance’,‘ownership’,‘property’(另外参看“继承”,“所有权”,“财产”)

landscape,natural and urban,风景,自然的和城市的,362—3;see also‘natural world’(另外参看“自然世界”)

laughter,笑声,73,76—7,98—9,150,263,331,332,334,357

law and order,法律和秩序,215,279,300

lawbreaking,犯法,290;see also‘crime’(另外参看“犯罪”)

lawcourts,法庭,51,57,73,78,80,222,228,239,2. 48,267,278,300,302,303,305,306,307,309;prosecution,defence and witnesses in,起诉,辩护和作证,66,70,73,80,219,225,227,228,229,300,301,301—2,302,302—3,303,306,307,312,313,315,316,324,328,336,338—9,345,353;trials in,and the agon,审判,赛会,166,183;see also‘areopagus’,‘asebeia’,‘assemblies’,‘atimia’,‘denunciation’,‘eisangelia’,‘eleven’,‘informers’,‘laws’,‘litigiousness’,‘oaths’,‘orators’,‘sophists’,‘sycophants’(另外参看“战神山会议”,“渎神”,“集会”,“剥夺公民权”,“诋毁”,“国家控告”,“十一人团”“告密者”,“法律”,“好讼”,“誓言”,“演说家”,“诡辩家”,“献媚者”)

lawgiving,lawgivers,立法,立法者,35,59,60,79,176,213,222

laws,the law,法律,xxi,xxxvi,35,57,59—60,60,l04,l06,160,187,199—200,203,218—19,219,252,266,277,280,293,299—300,300,324,335,338;see also‘defeat in war’,‘conscience’,‘inheritance’,‘lawcourts’,‘lawgiving’,‘martial law’,‘nomos’,‘ostracism’,‘ psephismata ’,‘rule of law’,‘succession’(另外参看“战败”,“良心”,“遗产”,“法庭”,“立法”,“婚姻法”,“律法”,“陶片放逐法”,“大众法规”,“法律规定”,“继承”)

learning and scholarly study,学习和研究,305,317,328,346,356;see also‘libraries’,‘scholars’(另外参看“图书馆”,“学者”)

leisure,idleness(argia),闲暇,71,185—6,189,198—9,229,232,289,295,30l,306,310,356;see also‘indolence’(另外参看“懒惰”)

leitourgiai(at athens),公益服务(雅典),167,259,343;see also‘choregia’,‘gymnasiarchy’,‘trierarchy’(另外参看“捐助”,“运动场监督官”,“三列桨战舰修造费”)

leschai,议事厅,l09,158,257,264,347;see also‘conversation’,‘gossip ’,‘talk’(另外参看“交谈”,“流言”,“谈话”)

leuctra,battle of,留克特拉战役,293—4,294,295,296,319,327,330,340,357

liberalism,liberal arts,activities,education,自由主义,文艺,行为,教育,186,191,192,222

libraries,books,图书馆,书籍,206,269,270

life:itself as a blessing,see‘pessimism’,生活:本身作为一种赐福,见“悲观主义”;love of,热爱,106,109,see also‘ philopsychia ’,见“依恋生命”;itself,as a spectacle,本身作为一种展示,198—9;living,to the full,生活,全部,205,232;reform of greek,and the italian pythagoreans,希腊的改革,意大利的毕达哥拉斯学派的信徒,319

litigiousness,好讼,228—9,280,338—9

localization of myth,神话的地方化,28—30,137—9

logic,逻辑,268—9,270

logography,散文纪事,15

lot,choice or appointment by,通过抽签来选择或任命,49,50,218,260,303,309

love,for one’s enemies,爱,为了敌人,68;to obtain what one loves,as a blessing of life,得到所爱,作为一种生命的赐福,82;love and marriage,爱情和婚姻,252,258,359;the‘love relationship’,爱情关系,see‘passion,romantic’,见“激情,浪漫的”;see also‘fame’,‘homosexual love’,‘honour’,‘life’,‘love affairs’,‘truth’,‘wisdom’(另外参看“声名”,“同性之爱”,“荣誉”,“生活”,“恋爱”,“真理”,“智慧”)

love affairs,恋爱,109,253,258,259,263,280

loyalty,the flight of,忠诚的遁失,100,106,280

lucian,琉善,85,193,194,195

lucretius,卢克莱修,136

luxury,奢侈,162,187,235,259,304,330,332,333,342,343,359

lycurgus(orator),来库古(演说家)33,224,313—14,315—16,325

lydia,the lydians,吕底亚,吕底亚人,187,191,20l,206,216

lyre–players,instruction by,竖琴演奏者,教育,see‘citharists’,见“弹唱艺人”

lyric poetry,lyric poets,抒情诗,抒情诗人,210,329,347

lysander,来山德,227,243,248,250,252,289,292—3,322,329

lysias,吕西阿斯,76,77,223,291,327,342

lysippus,吕西普斯,174,331

macedonia,the macedonians,马其顿,马其顿人,46,224,230,251,280,283,287—8,289,305,309,310,312,316,317,321,324,345,347,349

magna graecia(greater greece),大希腊,31,79,212,224,239,283—4,286,320,355;see also‘italy’(另外参看“意大利”)

mankind as a whole,and philosophical ethics,作为整体的人类,哲学伦理学,240

mantinea,battle of,曼丁尼亚战役,47,30

mantis,the,释梦者,354;see also‘prophecy’,见“预言”

manufacturers,wealthy,and the polis,制造业主,财富,城邦,191

manysidedness,versatility,多边性,多功能性,205,231,243,264

marathon,battle of,马拉松战役,26,35,39,56,214,215,223,241

mardonius,玛多尼乌斯,215,216,274

markets,市场,41,52,197—8,231—2

marriage,婚姻,37,l09,143,200,202,241,252,255—6,258,291,299,

302,313,338,339,340,342,358,359,360;see also‘courtship’(另外参看“求婚”)

martial law,婚姻法,57,96,117,274—5

massalia,voluntary and natural deaths in,马赛里亚,自愿的和自然的死亡,115

masses( plethos ),the( in the polis ),普通大众,(在城邦中),189,192;rule of,统治,60

mathematics,数学,191;see also‘geometry’(另外参看“几何学”)

mean( meson ),the(golden),中庸,(黄金的),64—5,205

measurement against others,自我评价,166,238,239,243;see also‘ agon ’,‘first and best’,‘self-display’(另外参看“赛会”,“第一和最好”,“自我展示”)

medicine,医学,117,323,337

medium,developed intellectual,and mediating communicators,媒介,发展起来的思想的,作为中介的交流者,268,328—9

megalomania,自大狂,229,243,317,347

megaran school,麦加拉学派,269

melancholy,and the hellenistic age,忧郁,希腊化时代,361,362

melos affair,the,米洛斯事件,247

memory,记忆,60,174—5,175,242,249;see also‘fame’,‘mnemonics’(另外参看“声名”,“记忆术”)

mercenaries,雇佣军,47,282,283,285,286,306,307,312,326,355

merchants,商人,186,187,304,307,356;see also‘trading’(另外参看“经商”)

merit,and privilege in the state,功绩,国家中的特权,224

merriment,欢乐,261;an addiction to,沉溺于,331

metempsychosis,灵魂转世,114,122,212

metics,定居的外邦人,53,64,162,191—2,192,196,218,219,232,241,278—9,301,302,304,312

middle classes,the:and work,中产阶级,工作,184

migrations,迁移,14—15,17,42;and myth,神话,17—19,42—3,87,136;to commercial centres,migrants,商业中心,移民,187,191,192;see also‘dorian migration’(另外参看“多利亚人的迁移”)

milesian legends,the:as a literary genre,米利都神话,作为一种文学的风格,360—1

military:service,and the polis ,军事服务,城邦,56,58,59,79,224,227,277,283,296,307,312,315,325;states,国家,214;training,训练,225,327,348,361

mind:(or spirit),the greek,精神,希腊,4,8,34,63,64,133,161;pleasures of the,accessible to all,快乐,所有人能够得到的,234,344;life of the,and stormy periods of history,生活,历史上的动荡时期,262

minstrels,see‘bards’(游吟诗人)

misanthropy,反人类,l00—1,175,233,325

miser and penny-pincher,the,吝啬鬼和守财奴,354

misery(wretchedness,suffering,sadness)of human life,人生的悲惨,93—4,96,99ff.,110,113,175,232,280

misfortune,厄运,see‘fortune’见“运气”

mistrust,不信任,229,243,354

mnemonics,记忆术,60,270

mob,the,乌合之众,290,30l

mockery,jeering,嘲讽,打趣,42,72ff.,130,145,187,200,203,207,208,220,224,230,233—4,234,237,241,261,289,296,309,331,332;see also‘jokes’,‘laughter’,‘merriment’,‘sarcasm’,‘wit’(另外参看“笑话”,“笑声”,“欢乐”,“嘲笑”,“风趣”)

moderation,适中,see‘ sophrosyne ’,见“中庸之道”

modesty,the flight of,谦逊的遁失,l00,241

monarchy,君主国,340;world-monarchies,世界性君主国,214—15

money,钱,186,188,234—5,298;(not owing it),and the blessings of life,歉钱,生活的赐福,83;—lending,借钱,188,197,198;working for or the need to earn(illiberal or banausic),为钱工作或者需要赚钱(不自由的或物质性的),190,191,193,197,198,199,343;living without,or without earning,没有钱生活,或者没有收入,198—9,30l,336,343,344;

changers,钱币兑换者,305,343;and public orators,公共演说家,307;and athens,雅典,308—9;see also‘miser’,‘poverty’,‘public finance’,‘riches’,‘taxes and tithes’,‘wealth’(另外参看“吝啬鬼”,“贫穷”,“公共财政”,“富人”,“税收和什一税”,“财富”)

monogamy,霸权,37

monotheism,一神教,97,273,328

monuments,纪念碑,249—50,291,348;agonal,赛会的,144,174,179—80;at olympia,as all-greece publicity,在奥林匹亚,全希腊的公共活动,179;funeral,葬礼,321,342—3;see also‘graves’,‘statues’(另外参看“坟墓”,“雕塑”)

moral:decay,of the greek nation,道德衰落,希腊民族,69,275,288,317;character or disposition,and the blessings of life,性格和气质,生活的赐福,82;indifference,and the sophists,漠不关心,诡辩家,265—6

morality(immorality),morals,moral standards,道德(不道德),道德上的,道德标准,xxxviii,63,64,65,140,236,273 275,276,277,282,288,300,306,310—11,317,319,340;see also‘ethics’,‘virtue’(另外参看“伦理学”,“德性”)

mortality,道德,93,l07,111,260

motives of human conduct,人类行为的动机,71,184

music,musicians,音乐,音乐家,xxvii,57,60,79,155,161,182,192,193,203,204,233,241,259,261,280,329;see also‘musical agon’,‘song’(另外参看“音乐赛会”,“歌曲”)

musical(poetic)agon,the,音乐(诗歌)赛会,155,164,169,173,178,181—2,201,205,324,326,328

mysteries,the,神秘仪式,229,251,281;see also‘dionysian’,‘eleusinian’(另外参看“狄俄倪索斯的”,“厄琉西斯的”)

myth(greek),神话(希腊)7,l0,14—36,49—50,58,64,65,81,87ff.,130—1,132,136ff.,161,163,169,183,184,2001,207,209,220,221—2,223,233,244,254,255,262,271,272,274,316,356,360,361;(attic),(阿提卡),220,222;the ruin or rejection of,破坏和拒斥,211,271—3,328,356;see also‘history’,‘poetry’(另外参看“历史”,“诗歌”)

naïveté,of the hero and his world,天真,英雄和他的世界,140—1,144—6,150

nakedness,the nude,裸体,179,324,331,361

names,naming,the greeks and,名字,起名,希腊人,18—19,20,39,130—2,170—1,203;see also‘euphemism’(另外参看“委婉的说法”)

national misfortune,民族的灾难,217

nationalism,hellenic,民族主义,希腊的,168,169;see also‘panhellenic sentiment’(另外参看“泛希腊的情感”)

natural gifts,天赋,133,186,239,267;and depravity,堕落,292

natural superiority,and the agon,自然的优势,赛会,165

natural world:the greeks and the,希腊人和自然世界,97,362;enquiry into the,探究,210,269ff.

neighbours,邻居,158,165,280

nemean games,涅墨亚运动会,169

nobility,the,贵族,see‘aristocracy’,见“贵族制”

nobility,noble character,the noble,贵族,高贵的品格,高贵的,55,65,75,83,161,186,188,195,219,276,345;and beauty,美,129;(of soul)and the hero,(灵魂)和英雄,140,141,152;see also‘ kalokagathia ’,‘noble’,‘ olbos ’(另外参看“优秀品格”,“高贵的”,“幸福生活”)

noble:fame( kleos esthlon ),the first desire of true greeks,高贵的声名,真正的希腊人最想得到的东西,81;culture,文化,186;idlers,游手好闲的人,190;ambition,野心,225;blood,and base,血统,低下,241;ideal of morality in women,妇女的道德理想,340

nomos,法律,59—60

notoriety,臭名昭著,202,249,310,322,325,350;see also‘celebrity’(另外参看“名人”)

number and variety,of states and cults,and freedom of mind,数量和种类,国家和崇拜,精神的自由,133

nurses,保姆,111,142,153,200,242,256

oaths,oath-taking,誓言,发誓,68—70,106,276,280,290,293,315

objectivity,客观性,xvi,xxviii,xxx,xxxi—xxxii,12,78,143,234,275

objects(mythical,magical,significant),对象(神话的,神奇的,有意义的),30—31,143,150,172

occultists,超自然主义者,250

odes,epinician and hymeneal,胜利的和婚庆的颂歌,329

odysseus,奥德赛,22,24,29,53,72,91,93,104,115—116,129,138,141,143ff.,149ff.,159,163,164,165,183

olbos,幸福生活,82,l03,147

old age:and the greeks,老年,希腊人,81,83,92,94,l05,l07—9,114—15,117,122ff.,128,129,173;and heroes,英雄,142

oligarchy,oligarchs,寡头政制,寡头,186,241,275,292ff.,308,326,345,355

olympia,olympic games(competitors,victors),奥林匹亚,奥林匹亚运动会(竞技者,优胜者)31,69,132,163,166,167,169ff.,176—9,179ff.,191,194,196,237ff.,246,250,267,269,326,327,328;reckoning by olympiads,由四年一次的奥林匹亚运动会来计算,20,21,169

olympias,奥林匹亚斯,283,360

omens,征兆,49,131,(skill in interpreting)(解释的技艺),161

openhandedness,of the greek nobility,慷慨,希腊的贵族,161

openness of attic life,阿提卡生活的开放性,351

opinion of others,greek dependence on the,希腊人对其他人的看法的依赖,96,l04,184

optimism,乐观主义,97,97—8,98,224,225,297

oracles,神谕,xxxvii,26,30,31,43,49,50,92,176,180,193,271,293,345;see also‘delphi’,‘ kottabos ’(另外参看“德尔斐”,“泼酒游戏”)

oratorical agon,the,演说赛会,182—3,239,267,321

oratory,orators,演说术,演说家,10,55,73,76,77,78—9,131,178,191,194,195,220,221,222,224,229,230,231,239,244,265,266,267,277,278,286,290,294,297,300,302,305,306,307—8,308ff.,316,318,329,350;see also‘eloquence’,‘funeral orations’,‘oratorical agon’,‘rhetoric’,‘sophists’(另外参看“雄辩”,“墓前演说”,“演说赛会”,“修辞学”,“诡辩家”)

order and authority,and the democratic polis ,秩序和权威,民主城邦,279—80,289

orpheotelestes,the,密仪祭司,354

orphism,奥尔菲斯神秘宗教,l0l,114

ostracism(the law of),陶片放逐法(法律),242,245

otherness,the greeks and,差异,希腊,133

outlaws,逃犯,289

ownership,methods of deciding land,确定土地所有权的方法,17—18,43;see also‘inheritance’,‘property’(另外参看“遗产”,“财产”)

painting,painters,绘画,画家,241,250,274,346,359,362;and the agon,赛会,183;and the banausic,物质性的,196—7,242

palaestra,the,体育学校,161,166,167,181,277

pan,潘,20,34,35

panathenaea,the,泛雅典娜节,27,178,181,206,232,251,292,304

pandora,潘多拉,102,200

panhellenes,‘virtuous’,泛希腊,“有道德的”,317ff.,340

panhellenic agon,(sites of)the,泛希腊的赛会,(举办地),168—9,181,223,233,250,267;see also‘publicity’(另外参看“公众性”)

panhellenic sentiment(patriotism),panhellenism,泛希腊的感情(爱国主义),泛希腊主义,216,312,318,320,321—2

pankration,pankratiasts,古希腊式搏击,古希腊式搏击运动员,167,172,174,175,179,328

parasites,parasitism,食客,寄生,198,229,235,260,301,332,335—7,344,351;see also‘flatterers’(另外参看“奉承者”)

parody,lack of,and sculpture,滑稽的表演,缺少,雕塑,330

parties,factions,in political life,党派,集团,在政治生活中,60,61,66,159,204,215,236,248,251,274,275,275—6,276,278,286,292,293,295,310,311,319,355;see also‘ hetaireiai ’(另外参看“政治团体”)

passion:and violence,(and the polis ),热情:暴力,(城邦),45ff.,51,57,61,62,64,73,238,241,274,275,285,294,308;(of the homeric world)(荷马的世界),65;(scope allowed to,in tragedy)(允许的范围,在悲剧中),67,256;and stoicism,斯多噶主义,68;and the homeric hero,荷马的英雄,140,141,142;athenians’,雅典人的,226,247;romantic,浪漫的,258,259,359,361

passions,the:happiness and,热情,幸福,84;the gods and,神,273

pastoral poetry,see‘bucolic poetry’见“田园诗 ”

paternal authority,父亲的权威,38,109,359

patriarchal:ideal,父权的:理想,161;view,看法,30l

patriotism,爱国主义,56,l03,276,298,308,311,314,315,316,318,325,340

pausanias,波悉尼阿斯,17,18,19,29,30—1,131,181,251

peasants,peasant life,农民,农业生活,45,146,156,157—8,185,188,189,190;see also‘helots’(另外参看“希洛人”)

peculation,盗用,70—1,73,76,277,281,300,313,316

peisistratids,the,皮西特拉图家族,32,222

pelopidas,佩洛皮达斯,288,296,318,319,321

peloponnesian war,伯罗奔尼撒战争,46,69,72,75,137,170,193,195,217,219,224,228,230,233,235,257,274,276,282,283,288,289,295,312

people,the,人民,xxxvi,217,239,248,279,297,300,310,314,343;see also‘demos’(另外参看“德莫斯”)

peregrinus proteus,佩里格瑞努斯·普洛透斯,124,178,350

pericles,伯利克里,xxxvii,xl,26,30,72,73,11l,178,191,192,197,225ff.,242,243,245,257,258,20l,295,338,344;funeral oration of,墓前演说,26,l06,223,224,224—5,232,241,290,291;image and reality of athens in the age of,伯利克里时代的雅典的图景与现实,86,96,106,230—1,232,235,295

perjury,伪证,30l,315;see also‘lawcourts’,‘oaths’(另外参看“法庭”,“誓言”)

perpetual youth,and the hero,永葆青春,英雄,142

persecution and exploitation,of the rich,迫害和剥削,富人,327,330,343;see also‘wealth’(另外参看“财富”)

persia,the persians,波斯,波斯人,25,69,224ff.,226,227,245,247,274,276,283,287,311,314,362

persian wars,希波战争,25,46,215—17,223,238,273,274,299,309,315

personal power,个人的力量,60,96,243—5,244,245,266,274,282,289;

see also‘influence’,‘power’(另外参看“影响”,“力量”)

personalities(great,individual,vigorous),人格(伟大的,个体的,有活力的),72,232,242—8;see also‘individual’,‘self–display’(另外参看“个体的”,“自我展示”)

personality:the power of,人格的力量,239;the free,自由人,325

personification,人格化,18—19,42,130,136,181,242,245

pessimism,greek,悲观主义,希腊,xxxviiiff.,(prehistory of)(史前时代)85—95,(in the historical period)(历史时期)95—124,142,155,297,331

phaeacians,the,淮阿喀亚人,34,52,93,131,146,148,148—9,164,165

pheidias,菲迪亚斯,194,195,196,196—7

philip(ii)of macedon,马其顿的腓力二世,172,193,271,286ff.,308ff.,320,322,323,324,331,337,341

philopoemen,菲洛波曼,347,348

philopsychia(excessive love of life),依恋生命,121,122,123

philosophy,philosophers,the philosophic,哲学,哲学家,哲学的,9,10,55,68,75,77,84—5,97—8,122—4,129,166,167,178,187,188—9,190,195,199,210,211,232,237,240,241,244,264,265,267,268,270,271,273,289,305,317,319,325,327ff.,344,346,349,355,356,362‘phocian despair’,弗西斯人的绝望,118

phocion,福西翁,290,292,307,312,317,344—5

phoenicia,the phoenicians,腓尼基,腓尼基人,17,20,40—1,57,133,138,150,186,214,227,242

phratriai(brotherhoods),胞族,38

phylai(‘tribes’),部落,38—40,182,304,356

physical assault,the bearing of,暴力袭击,忍受,77—8

physique(characteristic appearance):of the greeks,体格(外貌特征):希腊人,127—8;of the old athenians,从前的雅典人,236

physiognomy,physiognomics,面相,面相学,128—9

piety( eusebeia ),虔敬,161,219,273,290,315,326;the flight of,遁失,100

pindar,品达,26,32,36,58—9,84,94,106,160,170,172,173,177,201,237,241,261,329,349

piracy,pirates,海盗,44,45,131,136,158—9,291,305,306

planomenoi(homeless,wanderers),the,无家可归的人,326

plataea,battle of,普拉提亚战役,26,214,216,223,250,288,315

plato,柏拉图,33,65,84—5,97—8,189,190,246,253,265,268,269,277,278ff.,290,319,322,325ff.,340; symposium ,《会饮篇》,262—3

pleasure,pleasure–seeking,快乐,追求快乐,55,66,68,71,84,85,97—8,98—9,99,161,204,273,278,30l,304,305,306,310,312,317,329,331,332—3,336,342,344,358,362;see also‘hedonist seeks and doctrines’,‘mind’(另外参看“享乐主义派别和信条”,“精神”)

plutarch,普鲁塔克,28,65,85,187,193,263,312,316,319

poetic agon,the,诗歌赛会,see‘musical agon’,参看“音乐赛会”

poetics,诗歌的,330

poetry,poets,诗歌,诗人,9,10,22,25,51,55,56,57,65,76,97,99,129,130,133,139,140,150,151,179,182,187,193,20l,203,206,210,213,233,241,251,254,260,267,273—4,276,278,316,329—30,341,342,346—7,356—7,361,362

polis,the,城邦,xxxv—xxxvii,xli,24,25,27,28,37—62,65,71,72,78,79,80,96,98,l02,l09,114,133,133—4,157,159,160,163,168,169,178,186,187,189ff.,200,201,208,212,213,218,219,228,238,243,244,248,258,274,282,285,289,294,297,307,317,320,322,324—5,328,333,334,336,346,349,355,361;see also‘apolitia’,‘city’,‘common good’,‘contract’,‘cosmopolitanism’,‘democracy’,‘indifference’,‘intensity’,‘political life’,‘population’,‘power’,‘punishment’,‘religion’,‘rewards’,‘rulers and ruled’,‘state’,‘synoecism’,‘turning away’,‘vitality’(另外参看“背离城邦”,“城市”,“公益”,“契约”,“世界主义”,“民主制度”,“漠不关心”,“紧张”,“政治生活”,“人口”,“力量”,“惩罚”,“宗教”,“奖励”,“统治者和被统治者”,“国家”,“联合一统”,“转身”,“活力”)

politeness,礼貌,148—9,261,264

political(and sociopolitical)thought,argument,theorizing,政治(和社会政治的)思想,观点,理论化,210,213,325,330

political(public)life( polis-being ),政治(公共的)生活(城邦的动物),xxxvi,49,55,57,57—8,60—1,64,71,73,75—6,80,96,186,189,190,194,201,204,216,222,225,226,227—8,228—30,235,262,267,271ff.,279,280,281,286,288—90,292,295ff.,303,304,307—8,309,316,317,318,325,326,328,329—30,338,343,355,358;see also‘polis’(另外参看“城邦”)

politics,politicization,and the heroic age,政治学,政治化,英雄时代,144,220

pollution( miasma ),and the hero,污染,英雄,92,141

polycleitus,波吕克雷图斯,194,195,196

polytheism,多神教,xxxvii,(polydaemonism),(多方精灵),29,64,362

poor,the,穷人,84,110—11,276,279,297,298,325,334—5;see also‘poverty’(另外参看“贫穷”)

popularity,in political life,means to,受到大众欢迎的方法,在政治生活中,167

population:limiting the,of the polis ,限制人口,城邦,53—4,(of citizens)(公民)64,162;movements,and changes in,运动,变化,284,285,286,286—7;see also‘colonies’,‘ dioikizein ’,‘migrations’,‘synoecism’(另外参看“殖民地”,“发配到独立的地区”,“迁移”,“联合一统”)

poristai(extractors),勒索者,74

portraiture,肖像,73,179,250,359,361

poseidon,波塞冬,17,21,31,32,33,50,91,148,163,168,176,220,238,250,356

positive knowledge,确定的知识,265

poverty:and athens,贫穷,雅典,297,303,309;voluntary,自愿的,76,84,96,297,343,344;honourable and capable,光荣的和有能力的,343—4;see also‘money’,‘poor’(另外参看“钱”,“贫穷”)

power(political),力量(政治上的),xxxvi,40,45,51,57—8,59,60—1,66,72,213,244,253,274,275—6,289,292,293,296,30l,304,305,318,325,345,349,359;see also‘influence’,‘personal power’,‘political life’(另外参看“影响”,“个人的力量”,“政治生活”)

practical knowledge,and the sophists,实用的知识,诡辩家,268—9,269

praxiteles,普拉克西忒勒斯,196,324,330—1,342

price-fixing(rings),固定价格,218

pride,骄傲,65,96,244,300;see also‘self-praise’,(另外参看“自我夸耀”),prime of life,the,在生活中的首要位置,91,l07,128

private:life,私人生活,224,231,244,259,273,280,300,324ff.,336,355,358;luxury,奢侈,304,330,343,see also“luxury”,参看“奢侈”

prizes,agonal,奖品,赛会的,164,165,170ff.,174,178,181,183,238,328

prodicus of ceos,刻俄斯的普罗狄库斯,265,267

profit,利润,71,300

‘progress’,and the greeks,“发展”,希腊人,135—6;progress,and athens,发展,雅典,226,245

proletariat,urban,无产阶级,城市,52,356

prometheus,普罗米修斯,16,87,l01,136,200

property,rights of,财产权,37,37—8,38;common,公共,38;personal,and the polis,私人的,城邦,58;in hesiod’s world,在赫西俄德的世界,158;income from,收入来源,185;universal equality of,普遍平等,276;loss of,by son,由于儿子失去,280,291;see also‘ownership’(另外参看“所有权”)

prophecy,prophets,预言,预言家,92—3,176,278;prophets of new religions,新宗教的预言家,250;see also‘ mantis ’,‘seers’(另外参看“解梦者”,“先知”)

prosperity,as a blessing of life,富足,作为一种生命的赐福,81,82;see also‘ olbos ’,‘wealth’(另外参看“荣誉”,“财富”)

prostitution,prostitutes,卖淫,妓女,200,201,202,257;see also‘harlots’,‘hetaerae’,‘whores’(另外参看“妓女”,“高级妓女”,“妓女”)

protagoras of abdera,阿布德拉的普罗泰戈拉,265,266,268,269

prudence(imprudence),谨慎(鲁莽),99,245,273,276,280

prytaneion,议事会执行委员会会厅,45,51,73,220

psephismata(popular decrees),大众法规,60

ptolemies,the,托勒密,355,358,363

ptolemy(iii)euergetes,托勒密(三世)·奥尔格特斯,349,357,358

public:speaking,公开讲话,229,239,266;opinion,观点,241,253—4;finance,金融,299,301,308—9;works,工作,304;see also‘oratory’,‘political life’,‘taxes and tithes’(另外参看“演说术”,“政治生活”,“税收和什一税”)

publicity,公众性,178—9,239,240,250,265,321,342,350

punishment:(penalties)in the polis ,城邦中的惩罚,46,57,61,67,78,79,114,196,203,218,229,242,247,258,279,294,299,300,301,304,307,313,316,325,335,345;after death,死后,101,113,114,278,345

purification( katharsis ),净化仪式,141,354

purity,of the homeric world,纯净,荷马世界,65,146

pythagoras,毕达哥拉斯,35,56,68,77,97,211—12,318

pythagoreanism,the(italian)pythagoreans,毕达哥拉斯主义,(意大利的)毕达哥拉斯学派信徒,101,114,122,212,317,318—19,319,340,344

pythian games,the,皮提亚运动会,164,169,171,178,181—2,183

races,fabulous or half-fabulous,种族,虚构的或半虚构的,25,139,148

rape,(the threat of)强奸,(威胁),120,200

reading,阅读,356;see also‘learning’,‘libraries’(另外参看“学习”,“图书馆”)

realism,and homer,现实主义,荷马,143—4,156

reason,理性,205,271,273

recklessness,rashness,鲁莽,鲁莽的,226,228,243,245,274,312

recognition( anagnorisis ),of offspring,认可(弃婴),后代,110,200

reflection,(and sensibility)反映(情感)65,205,222,271,273,317;philosophical,哲学的,210

refuge,refugees,流亡,流亡者,215,219,221,230,286,319,325

religion,宗教,xxxvii—xxxviii,37,57—8,58,60,64,101,161,182,204,206,210—12,214,266,273,278,288,298,319,328,349,354,356,357;the polisas itself a,把本身当作一种宗教的城邦,58,288;see also‘ deisidaimonia ’,‘cult’,‘gods’,‘monotheism’,‘oracles’,‘pollution’,‘polytheism’,‘prophecy’,‘purification’,‘ritual’,‘sacrifice’,‘soothsayer’,‘temples’(另外参看“对神灵的敬畏”,“崇拜”,“神灵”,“神谕”,“人口”,“多神教”,“预言”,“净化仪式”,“仪式”,“牺牲”,“占卜者”,“神庙”)

renunciation:of pleasure,拒斥快乐,344;of political life,政治生活,see‘turning away’,见“转身”

repentance,悔恨,101,298;and the hero,英雄,140

reputation:a noble or high,as a blessing of life,高贵的或高的声望,作为一种生命的赐福,82,82—3;pride of,骄傲,290

resentment,and the gods,怨恨,神灵,66

resignation,and the greeks,屈从,希腊人,95

respect,尊敬,83,251,252,291,299,322,359;see also‘disrespect’(另外参看“不敬”)

restlessness,general,不安,普遍的,274

revenge,vengeance,复仇,报复,xxxviii,61,66—8,72—3,87,88,141,229,275,303,315;see also‘divine wrath’(另外参看“神怒”)

reverence,due to parents and the dead,应该对父母和死者的敬意,315—16

revolutions,革命,275;city-,城市-,295

rewards:in the polis (civic honours),奖励:在城邦(公民的荣誉),57,61,94,174,196,249—50,265,306,308,314,320—20,322—3;in the afterworld,在来世,113,278;divine,on earth,神圣的,今生,278;see also‘honours’,‘prizes’(另外参看“荣誉”,“奖金”)

rhapsodes,游吟诗人,15,178,181,327

rhetoric,rhetoricians,修辞学,修辞学家,24,167,223,224,267,268,270,328,330;see also‘eloquence’,‘oratory’,‘sophists’(另外参看“雄辩”,“演说术”,“诡辩家”)

riches:and ostentatious display,富人:炫耀,84,198,235,239,241,304;(with intelligence),as a blessing of life,(智力),作为一种生命的赐福,85;and political leadership,政治上的领导权,235;new,新的,239;refusal of proffered,拒收供品,244—5;see also‘wealth’(另外参看“财富”)

riddles,谜语,259,332

ridicule,and philosophy,嘲笑,哲学,77;see also‘mockery’(另外参看“嘲讽”)

right of the stronger,doctrine of the,强者的权利,信条,266

rights:discussion of,权利:讨论,213;demand for,not duties,需要,并非义务,301

ritual,rites,仪式,35,140,177,207,225,278,315,340;see also‘purification’(另外参看“净化仪式”)

rome,empire,the romans,罗马,帝国,罗马人,12,23—4,31,32,34,36,40,58,70,96,109,110,110—11,112,121,123,130,163,193,223,242—3,267,268,282,283,284,289,333,337,350,359

rule of law,the,法律规定,59

rulers and ruled,in the polis ,统治者和被统治者,在城邦中,55,60—61,66,96,185,187,188,189,279,282,285,292,297;see also‘political life’(另外参看“政治生活”)

rural life:and homer,农村生活:荷马,155—6,156,157;and hesiod,赫西俄德,157,158,165

sacred war(third),神圣战争(第三次),301

sacrifice,sacrifices,牺牲,25,30,35,38,43,44,49,50,51,58,89,92,99,105,106—76,117,152,160,161,172,173,177,187,189,278,298,314,315,322,335,340;self-,50,56,103,206,225,226,257,315

sages( sophoi ),207;the seven,七贤,100,103,205,206

salamis,battle of,萨拉米斯战役,56,176,214,216,238,241,253

sappho,萨福,201,202,210

sarcasm,the attic gift of,阿提卡的讽刺才能,324;see also‘mockery’(另外参看“嘲讽”)

satire,satirists,讽刺文学作品,讽刺文学作家,72—3,73—4,172,208,298

scandal,-mongering,丑闻制造,230,277,291,311,343,346,353

scepticism,怀疑主义,266,269,272

sceptics,the,怀疑学派,347

scholars,scholarship,学者,学问,349,355;see also‘learning’(另外参看“学习”)

sculpture,sculptors,雕塑,雕塑家,179,179—80,180,181,192—3,195,196,210,274,330—1,340,346,361;see also‘funerary steles’,‘statues’(另外参看“坟墓旁边的纪念性石柱”,“雕像”)

scytalism,斯齐塔,294

sea voyages,warnings against,海上旅行,警告,158

seafaring,seafarers,航海,航海者,34—5,186,241;in myth,148,149;see also‘phaeacians’(另外参看“淮阿喀亚人”)

seers,先知,151—2,152,161,176;see also‘prophecy’,‘soothsayer’(另外参看“预言”,“占卜者”)

self-awareness,自我意识,211,309,317

self-cdisplay,-assertion,-distinction,自我展示,自我肯定,自身的特点,71,72,163,238,239,241,243,245,261,265,266,274,321,327;see also‘first and best’,‘individual’,‘measurement against others’,‘personalities’,‘self-glorification’,‘self-praise’(另外参看“第一和最好”,“个体”,“自我评价”,“人格”,“自我颂扬”,“自我夸耀”)

self-glorification,自我颂扬,241—2,289,292,322—4,348;see also‘descent’(另外参看“世系”)

self-praise,自我夸耀,72,129,146,149,151,250—1;see also‘self-glorification’(另外参看“自我颂扬”)

self-restraint,自律,320

senses,acuteness of the,as a blessing of life,敏锐的感觉,作为一种生命的赐福,85

sensibility,and reflection,情感,反映,65

sensitivity,lack of,as a philosophical virtue,缺乏感情,作为一种哲学家的德性,77;see also‘hardening’(另外参看“麻木”)

sensuality,the refinement of,感观享受的精致化,361

sentimentality,growth of,多愁善感,361,362

servants,仆人,121,147,235,256,335

seven against thebes,the,《七将忒特拜》,26,92,169,221,223

shadow,man as a,人就像一个影子,114;see also‘afterlife’(另外参看“死后生活”)

shame,羞耻,70,74,76,100,152,234,308,317,353

shepherds,牧羊人,35,146,155,156,157,182,189—90,197

shields of heracles and achilles,赫拉克利斯和阿喀琉斯的盾牌,156—7,165,228

shipping,shipbuilding,shipowners,and the greeks,船运,造船,船主,希腊人,41,186,187,218,304;see also‘commerce’,‘fleet’,‘sea voyages’,‘seafaring’,‘trading’(另外参看“商业”,“舰队”,“海上航行”,“航海”,“经商”)

shopkeeping,shopkeepers,开店,店主,160,264;see also‘trading’(另外参看“经商”)

sicilian expedition,西西里远征,60,226,229,247,248,275,296

sicily,the sicilians,西西里,西西里人,47—8,216,216—17,274,284—6,294,318,319,320,324,333,335

silence:at a feast,and the passage of hermes,沉默:在宴会中,赫尔墨斯经过,35;and women,妇女,251,297;and barbers,理发师,264;and public orators,公共演说家,307

silver mines,银矿,245,301,307

simonides,西蒙尼德,104,242,249,324

simplicity,简约,129,199,234,235,241,259,269,275,325,333,340;see also‘austerity’,‘sobriety’(另外参看“严厉”,“清醒”)

sin,罪恶,278

sitophylakes(corn-inspectors),监察官(谷物监察官),218,229

skill,public exhibition of,and fame,技艺的公开展示,声名,350

slander,诽谤,73,74,76,77,207,277

slaves,slavery,奴隶,奴隶制度,38,53,64,96,102,110,117,118,120,121,132,162,184,185,187ff.,198,202,209,209—10,232,236,242,251,259,275,279,283,285,295,298,301,303,312,326,335,341,352,360

sleep,as a blessing and gift,睡眠,作为一种赐福和天赋,81

smithy,the,铁匠铺,158

smuggling,procuring stolen goods,走私,变卖偷来的东西,353

sobriety,清醒,187,199,219,235,340

sociability,社会交往性,52,98,203—4,261ff.

society:foundations of greek,社会:希腊的基础,37—8;the life of,76,147—8,161,202—6,222,234,258 258—9,259,263,264,273,275,331,336,337,358,359,362;distinction in,without wealth,特征,没有财富,343;lack of true,in sparta,缺乏真实,在斯巴达,161;differentiation of greek,in hellenistic age,希腊的分化,在希腊化时代,357;see also‘sociability’(另外参看“社会交往性”)

socrates,苏格拉底,xxxii,33,71,75ff.,82,97,122,189,190,191,195,232,236,240,246,249,252,253,258,263,264,270,272,280,290,291,297,318,339;see also‘socractic’(另外参看“苏格拉底式的”)

socratic:dialectic,苏格拉底式的:辩证法,270;ethic,伦理,317,319

solon,梭伦,23,30,39,40,59,60,65,82,84,102,103,174,187, 187—8,190,192,202,205,206,210,213,222,237

song,歌曲,72,112,148,156,157,166,168,177,181,182,232,260,261,360;see also‘bards’(另外参看“游吟诗人”)

soothsayer,the( exegetes ),预言家,354

sophists,sophistry,诡辩家,诡辩术,167,235,239,241,261,264,265—71,278—9,291,318,328,350

sophocles,索福克利斯,35,65,82,104—5,109,129,139,191,232,244,252,254,262

sophrosyne,中庸之道,54,64—5,66,100,106,186,198,203,235,241,325,340

sparta,the spartans,斯巴达,斯巴达人,xxxvi,17,18,26,32,44,47,58,59,68,75,119,128,148,152,153,160—1,168,170,171,172,174,176,185,185—6,187,188,199,201,203,208,213,215,216,217,222,225,227,228,231,7235,236,238,239,243,245,247,248,250,253,260,274,275,282,289,290,292ff.,304,305,310,312,318,319,320,322,326,327,335,340,341,347,353,359,360;see also‘dorian women’,‘laconism’,‘ syssitia ’(另外参看“多利亚妇女”,“拉科尼亚主义”,“公餐”)

spartoi,the(armed men),斯巴达武士,33,46,88

specialization,specialists,专业化,专家,11,150—2,186,191,193,269—70,337,351,355,356

spectacle,the passion for,对风景的热情,171,238

speculation,athenian tendency to(financial,property),投机,雅典人在(金融和财产上)的,188

speech,演说,231,232,329;see also‘conversation’,‘eloquence’,‘gossip’,‘oratory’,‘public speaking’,‘talk’(另外参看“交谈”,“雄辩”,“流言”,“演说术”,“公开发言”,“谈话”)

spirit:(or temperament),the greek,精神(或气质),希腊人,63,65,81,98,133,199,222,267,284,289;freedom of,自由,325;see also‘mind’(另外参看“精神”)

spiritual beauty or power,and art,精神上的美或力量,艺术,210,274,330

spontaneity,自发性,12,76,195,203,267,330

spying,in political life,监视,在政治生活中,96;see also‘denunciation’,‘informers’(另外参看“诋毁”,“告密者”)

stadium,the,体育场,166

state,the,国家,xxxvi,57—8,58,60,62,64,96,160,161,167,168,186,188,189,204,214,218,224,226,230,243,245,248,250,264,266,271,273,275,279,282,288,289,293,295ff.,304,305,309,326,328,330,338,345;see also‘devotion’,‘ polis ’,‘political life’,‘turning away’(另外参看“贡献”,“城邦”,“政治生活”,“转身”)

statues,雕像,50,59,69,179,191,194,195,196,249—50,265,306,315,321,324,330,342,348,359;athletes,运动员,172,175,176,179—80,181,210,249,315;see also‘herms’,‘monuments’,‘sculpture’(另外参看“赫尔墨斯”,“纪念碑”,“雕塑”)

stoas,柱廊,174,299,352,353

stoicism,the stoa,the stoics,斯多噶主义,斯多噶,斯多噶学派,68,77,82,98,123,347

strangers,陌生人,47,152,191,325;see also‘metics’(另外参看“定居的外邦人”)

strength:and worth or reputation,力量:价值或声名,77;in physical exercise,as a blessing of life,体育锻炼,作为生命的一种赐福,85;and myth,神话,147,154,244;and misanthropy,反人类,175;and athenian sons,雅典人的儿子,291;see also‘right of the strong’,‘vitality’(另外参看“强者的权利”,“活力”)

subjectivists,主观主义者,266

subjectivity:of perception,doctrine of the,感觉的主观性,信条,269;increase in,of spirit,增长,精神,330;see also‘external world’(另外参看“外部世界”)

success,the(overriding)value of,in greek life,成功,(超越一切的)价值,在希腊生活中,69—70,71,199;see also‘agon’,‘first and best’(另外参看“赛会”,“第一和最好”)

succession,law of,继承法,38

suicide,自杀,xxxviii,29,72,73,76,77,98,106,110,111,112—13,113—24,175,178,256,325;as a right or duty,作为一种权利或责任,120—2,123

superhuman,the striving for the,and the hero,超人,力争,英雄,141

superstition,greek freedom from,in comparison with barbarians,迷信,希腊人的自由,与蛮族相比,34;see also‘ deisidaimonia ’(另外参看“对神灵的敬畏”)

supplicants for protection,请求保护的人,219

sycophants,sycophancy,献媚者,献媚,xxxvi,73,74,76,78,79,80,192,218,219,227,228,229,231,238,264,280,295,297,302,303,307,308,335,338,345

symposium,the,宴饮,53,76,98,151,166,199,203,203—4,207,208,258,259,259—64,329,331—2,333,336;as a literary form,作为一种文学形式,263

synoecism,联合一统,27,44,45—9,174,213,284;see also‘ polis ’,‘villages’(另外参看“城邦”,“村落”)

syracuse,叙拉古,17,47,69,83,175,247,285,285—6,319,321,340,360

syssitia,the,公餐,203,208

tact,直觉,see‘frankness’,见“坦白”

talent,ability(men of),and the(democratic) polis ,天才,(人)的能力,(民主)城邦,60,78,229,243,245,282,290,297,326

talk,谈话,239,248,266,267,277,279,297,329,330,336,351,353;see also‘conversation’,‘eloquence’,‘gossip’,‘ leschai ’(另外参看“交谈”,“雄辩”,“流言”,“议事厅”)

tartarus,塔尔塔洛斯,139— 40

taverns,小酒店,259,298,306,333

taxes and tithes,税收和什一税,59,74,185,190,192,196,202,215,225,228,300,304,309,355;see also‘public finance’(另外参看“公共财政”)

teachers(tutors),教师,142,150,242,259,279,329,338;see also‘gymnastics’,‘sophists’(另外参看“体育运动”,“诡辩家”)

telesmai,and the foundation of cities,埋葬一些神秘的物品,建城,49

temperance,节制,see‘ sophrosyne ’,见“中庸之道”

temples,sanctuaries,shrines,altars,神庙,圣所,神龛,祭坛,24,30ff.,34,35,49,50,51,52,59,68,91,138,141,168,169,174,176,187,196,202,219,230—1,233,238,250,274,297,315,320,331,358,359;see also‘ amphictyoniai ’,‘delphi’(另外参看“神庙联盟”,“德尔斐”)

terrorism,and political life,恐怖主义,政治生活,61,73

thales,泰勒斯,205,211

theatres,剧院,51,181,233,346,352,359

thebes,底比斯,16,21,26,29,41,46,49,105,110,137,196,213,220,221,231,288,289,295,296,305,311,314,318,319,358;the sacred band of,神圣的小分队,341

themistocles,泰米斯托克里,56,71,132,191,192,224,231,235,238,239,243,245,266

theocracy,attic,神权政治,阿提卡,327;see also‘democracy’,‘envy’,‘mockery’(另外参看“民主制度”,“嫉妒”,“嘲讽”)

theocritus,提奥克里特,35,182,346,359—60,362

theognis,狄奥格尼斯,69,l06,l08,142,200,210,241

theogonic poetry,and cataloguing,颂神诗,编目,20

theophanies:in the historical period,显灵:在历史时期,34—5;and the phaeacians,淮阿喀亚人, 34,148

theophrastus,特奥弗拉斯图斯,332; characters ,《论性格》,350—5

theorizing,and decline,理论化,衰落,325,330,332

theseus,提修斯,20,25,27,45,94,141,163,181,219ff.,355

thesmophoria,the,地母节,123,259

thirty tyrants,the,三十僭主,295

thucydides,10,22,32,221,225,226,268,269—70,271,275,276

timocracy,富人政体,187,213

timoleon,提墨里翁,285—6,320,342

timon,梯蒙,100,233,246

toil( ponos ),life as,劳作,生活,l0l—2,159,184,188,192

tolerance,patience,忍受,耐性,78—9,133,204,234,309,326

torch-races,火炬赛跑,167

torture,折磨,192,229,302,322,345

towns,城镇,22,173,191,237,303

trades,交易,102,191;see also‘artisans’,‘crafts’(另外参看“匠人”,“手艺”)

trading,trade,tradesmen,交易,商人,157,185,186—7,187,188,206,218—19,222,225,300,332;petty,( kapeleia ),小买卖,197—8;see also‘commerce’,‘shopkeeping’(另外参看“商业”,“开店”)

traditions,families and respect,传统,家庭和荣耀,291

tragedy,tragic dramatists,悲剧,悲剧作家,xxvi,xxxviii—xxxix,10,65,66—7,87,108,144,147,182,195,201,220,232,233,244,254,266,271,273,305,321,329

training:(and discipline)the value of,训练:(规则的)价值,161,177,239,269,270;athletic,and statues,运动的,雕像,180;(lost)norms of,(失去)标准,357,see also‘gymnastics’,‘military training’(另外参看“体育运动”,“军事训练”)

transmigration of the soul,灵魂的转世,see‘metempsychosis’,见“灵魂转世”

travel,travellers,旅行,旅行者,149,186,187,195,196,265,270,317,325,333,350,355

treachery,treason,背叛,叛国罪,xxxviii,196,200—1,244,306,315,318,357;see also‘deceitfulness’(另外参看“欺骗”)

trees,sacred,树,神圣的,17,29,31

tribes,see‘ phylai ’部落

trierarchy,trierarchs,“三列桨战舰修造费”,228,304,353

trust,lack of,in the greeks(athenians),缺乏信任,在希腊人(雅典人)中,70,71,306

truth:the greeks and telling the,希腊人和说真话,68—70;love of,and the homeric world,喜欢,荷马世界,146;see also‘deceitfulness’(另外参看“欺骗”)

turning away,withdrawal,from the state,转身,撤退,从国家,76,96,211,289,297,305,317,324—6,346;see also‘ apolitia ’,‘cosmopolitanism’,‘indifference’,‘timon’(另外参看“背离城邦”,“世界主义”,“漠不关心”,“梯蒙”)

‘two sides’,doctrine of the,“双面”信条,265—6

tychai,the,of cities,命运女神,城市,50,59

tyche(fortune),提刻(命运女神),58—9,196

tyrannicides,刺杀僭主,61,224,308,315,322

tyranny,tyrants,tyrannical,僭政,僭主,僭政的,46,47,160,161,175,180,188,199,206,215,216,222,228,279,280,284,285,286,289,299,318,320,332;see also‘tyrannicides’(另外参看“刺杀僭主”)

ugliness,丑陋,128,208;see also‘beauty’,‘deformity’(另外参看“美”,“畸形”)

underworld,the,地下世界,153—4;see also‘afterlife’,‘hades’(另外参看“死后生活”,“哈得斯”)

unity:of the greek nation,希腊民族的一体性,168,169,177—8,178,216,267,311,318;‘of style’,“风格”,355

universality,striving for,追求普遍性,269;see also‘world’(另外参看“世界”)

upbringing,养育,142,291

upper,higher classes,disappearance or annihilation of the,上层、较高等级的消失或灭绝,292,294,299

urban life:and homer,城市生活:荷马,156;and hesiod,赫西俄德,157,158,165

usury,高利贷,197,198

utility,usefulness,or lack of,有用性,缺乏,71,146,160,163,166,185,188;see also‘gymnastics’,‘practical knowledge’(另外参看“体育运动”,“实用的知识”)

utopias,and the turning away from the state,乌托邦,转身脱离国家,325

vanity,空虚,223,235,274,279,294,295,347,352

vases:agonal,花瓶:赛会的,181;of hellenistic age,希腊化时代,359,361

victory and victors,agonal,胜利和优胜者,赛会的,32,96,128,144,165,165—6,167,169,171ff.,179ff.,203,206,207,237—8,239ff.,274,292,326

‘view of life’,the concept of a,“生活观”的概念,63

villages( komai ),村落(考迈),158;living‘village-style’,生活在“乡村风格”中,41—2,43,44,45,57;see also‘synoecism’(另外参看“联合一统”)

virtue,the virtues,德性,xxxii,55,57,64,65,70,82,84—5,85,100,106,146,161,201,268,278,325;love of,without the practice of,热爱,没有实践,236—7;see also‘civic virtue’,‘panhellenes’(另外参看“公民道德”,“泛希腊”)

vitality,vigour,energy,活力,精力,能量,4,42,44,46,57,129,162,173,174,210,221,223,224,226,257,273,275,289,305,329,330,346,347,349;see also‘life’(另外参看“生活”)

viticulture,葡萄栽培,16;and homer and hesiod,荷马和赫西俄德,156,157;see also‘wine’(另外参看“酒”)

voluptuaries,酒色之徒,332—3,333

voluptuousness,increasing,感观享受,增加,340,361;see also‘luxury’(另外参看“奢侈”)

war,warfare,战争,143—4,155,156,160,161,162,168,183,189,199,213,217,218,220,239,245,274—5,275,294,296,304,311—12,326,361;see also‘battle’,‘defeat in war’(另外参看“战斗”,“战败”)

warriors,the(in the ideal polis),武士,(在理想的城邦),189,326

wealth,the wealthy,财富,富人,82,83,83—4,160,165,186,198,199,229,233,234—5,235,239,241,294,298,304,326,327,328,330,343,349,358;‘ kalokagathia ’,‘luxury’,‘riches’(“优秀品质”,“奢侈”,“富人”)

weapons,武器,17,43,143—4,155;manufacture of,制造,191,192

weeping,哭泣,145,150,248,253,257,263,344,358,360

wellbeing,as a blessing of life,康乐,作为一种生命的赐福,83

wholeness(the whole man),the pursuit of,完整(完整的人),追求,186,193

whores,妓女,342;the scolding of,as training in cynicism,责骂,作为犬儒主义的训练,77

wickedness:of man,人之邪恶,100—1;and good fortune,好运,99—100,277,278,297;in the homeric world,在荷马世界,147;a fashion for,时尚,277;and relativity,相对性,308

widows,寡妇,251

will:and the world,意志:世界,10;the subduing of the,to a higher cause,抑制,为了更高的目标,320

wine,酒,147,203,204,231,232,260,262;see also‘eating and drinking’,‘viticulture’(另外参看“吃饭和喝酒”,“葡萄栽培”)

wisdom,the love of,热爱智慧,319

wit,风趣,186,202,204,207,205,251,256,257,261,328,331,332,337,341,348,358

women,妇女,64,88,102,117ff.,132,152—4,177,188,189,199—202,212,232,235,236,249,251—9,277,279—80,297,312,338,339,339—40,343,357—61;see also‘thesmophoria’(另外参看“地母节”)

work,the status and evaluation of,工作,地位和评价,see‘banausic’,‘labour’,‘leisure’,‘money’,‘toil’见“物质性的”,“劳力”,“闲暇”,“钱”,“劳作”

workers,paid:and the genos ,工人,报酬:氏族,37;and citizenship,公民权,297;born,出生,324

world:order of the,世界:秩序,63,99;the greeks and awareness of unity with the whole,希腊人意识到作为一个整体,131;reflective power of solon,and the,梭伦的反思能力,203;—monarchy,世界性君主国,see‘monarchy’见“君主国”;philosophical or natural explanation of the,哲学的或自然的解释,269,270,271;see also‘external world’(另外参看“外部世界”)

worthlessness:of man,没有价值:人,98;of life,生活,101—1,109;in the polis,of the once venerated,在城邦中,曾经受到尊重的,272

wrestling,wrestlers,摔跤,摔跤运动员,160,161,165,170,172,174,177,235,325,336,346

xanthippe,珊提普,250—1

xenophon,色诺芬,70,109,121,159,256,261,278,292,298—9,316

xerxes,薛西斯,59,l0l,127,213,214,272,285,360

young men,年轻人,237,268,276—7,296,304,310,314,331

youth,evaluation of,对年轻的评价,88—9,96,103,105—6,140,197

zeno(stoic),芝诺(斯多噶),93,122,347

zeus,宙斯,14,19,30ff.,(herkeios)(赫尔克斯),67,86ff.,99—100,139,(meilichius)(美里奇俄斯)139,145,148ff.,153,192,198,269,320,326

zoroastrianism,索罗亚斯德教,214

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