if i were writing a complete and exhaustive biography of mr. lincoln, i should be tempted to quote freely from the speeches made by both contestants in the memorable campaign which made douglas a senator, and his opponent the next president of the united states. but neither my space, nor the scope of my book, allows this. i will, however, quote, as likely to be of general interest, the personal description of lincoln given by his distinguished rival:
“in the remarks i have made on this platform,” said judge douglas, “and the position of mr. lincoln upon it, i mean nothing personally disrespectful or unkind to that gentleman. i have known him for nearly twenty-five years. there were many points of sympathy between us when we first got acquainted. we were both comparatively{156} boys, and both struggling with poverty in a strange land. i was a school-teacher in the town of winchester, and he a flourishing grocery-keeper in the town of salem. he was more successful in his occupation than i was in mine, and hence more fortunate in this world’s goods. lincoln is one of those peculiar men who perform with admirable skill everything which they undertake. i made as good a school-teacher as i could, and when a cabinet-maker i made a good bedstead and tables, although my old boss said i succeeded better with bureaus and secretaries than with anything else; but i believe that lincoln was always more successful in business than i, for his business enabled him to get into the legislature. i met him there, however, and had a sympathy with him, because of the up-hill struggle we both had in life.
“he was then just as good at telling an anecdote as now. he could beat any of the boys in wrestling, or running a foot-race, in pitching quoits, or tossing a copper; could ruin more liquor than all the boys of the town together, and the dignity and impartiality with which he presided at a horse-race or a fist-fight, excited the admiration{157} and won the praise of everybody that was present and participated. i sympathized with him because he was struggling with difficulties and so was i. mr. lincoln served with me in the legislature in 1836, when we both retired, and he subsided, or became submerged, and he was lost sight of as a public man for some years. in 1846, when wilmot introduced the celebrated proviso, and the abolition tornado swept over the country, lincoln again turned up as a member of congress from the sangamon district. i was then in the senate of the united states, and was glad to welcome my old friend and companion. while in congress, he distinguished himself by his opposition to the mexican war, taking the side of our common enemy against his own country; and when he returned home he found that the indignation of the people followed him everywhere, and he was again submerged, or obliged to retire into private life, forgotten by his former friends.”
this sketch of mr. lincoln, though apparently friendly, was artfully calculated to stir up prejudice against him, and the backwoods statesman was not willing to leave it unanswered. generally{158} he was quite well able to take care of himself, and did not fail in the present instance.
this is his reply:
“the judge is wofully at fault about his early friend lincoln being a grocery-keeper. i don’t know as it would be a great sin if i had been; but he is mistaken. lincoln never kept a grocery anywhere in the world. it is true that lincoln did work the latter part of one winter in a little still-house up at the head of a hollow. and so i think my friend, the judge, is equally at fault when he charges me at the time when i was in congress with having opposed our soldiers who were fighting in the mexican war. the judge did not make his charge very distinctly, but i can tell you what he can prove by referring to the record. you remember i was an old whig, and whenever the democratic party tried to get me to vote that the war had been righteously begun by the president, i would not do it. but whenever they asked for any money, or land-warrants, or anything to pay the soldiers there, during all that time i gave the same vote that judge douglas did. you can think as you please as to whether that was consistent. such is the truth; and the judge has a{159} right to make all he can out of it. but when he, by a general charge, conveys the idea that i withheld supplies from the soldiers who were fighting in the mexican war, or did anything else to hinder the soldiers, he is, to say the least, grossly and altogether mistaken, as a consultation of the records will prove to him.”
not content with defending himself, mr. lincoln essayed on his side to contrast his opponent and himself, and, like him, he indulged in personal reminiscences.
“twenty-two years ago judge douglas and i first became acquainted; we were both young then—he a trifle younger than i. even then we were both ambitious,—i perhaps quite as much so as he. with me the race of ambition has been a failure,—a flat failure; with him it has been one of splendid success. his name fills the nation, and is not unknown even in foreign lands. i affect no contempt for the high eminence he has reached,—so reached that the oppressed of my species might have shared with me in the elevation. i would rather stand on that eminence than wear the richest crown that ever pressed a monarch’s brow.”{160}
in another connection mr. lincoln says: “senator douglas is of world-wide renown. all the anxious politicians of his party, or who had been of his party for years past, have been looking upon him as certainly, at no distant day, to be the president of the united states. they have seen in his round, jolly, fruitful face, post-offices, land-offices, marshalships, and cabinet appointments, chargéships and foreign missions, bursting and sprouting out in wonderful exuberance, ready to be laid hold of by their greedy hands. and as they have been gazing upon this attractive picture so long, they can not, in the little distraction that has taken place in the party, bring themselves to give up the charming hope; but, with greedier anxiety, they rush about him, sustain him, and give him marches, triumphal entries, and receptions, beyond what, even in the days of his highest prosperity, they could have brought about in his favor. on the contrary, nobody has ever expected me to be president. in my poor, lean, lank face nobody has ever seen that any cabbages were sprouting out. there are disadvantages, all taken together, that the republicans labor under. we have to fight this battle upon principle, and upon principle alone.”{161}
it may be said, in summing up, that mr. lincoln proved himself to be fully a match for judge douglas in this memorable campaign. i may go further and say that he overmatched him, for he adroitly propounded questions which his opponent was compelled to answer, and did answer in a way that killed him as a presidential candidate. though he ran in 1860, it was as an independent candidate. he had failed to retain the full confidence of his party, and could not secure the regular nomination. indeed, he contributed indirectly to lincoln’s election, by dividing his own party, so that mr. lincoln became president, though receiving considerably less than one-half of the popular vote. it is obvious that mr. lincoln, who admits, as we have seen, that he was quite as ambitious as douglas, was looking farther than the senatorship. yet he was personally disappointed when the majority in the legislature proved to be for douglas, and secured the election of the latter. he expressed this in his usual quaint way when some one asked him how he felt. he said, “that he felt like the boy that stubbed his toe,—it hurt too bad to laugh, and he was too big to cry.”{162}
it is probable that abraham lincoln, though he says no one had ever expected him to be president, was not without presidential aspirations. he thought no doubt that an election as senator would help his chances, and that the senatorial position would prove a stepping-stone. even the shrewdest, however, are liable to make mistakes, and we are led to believe that mr. lincoln was mistaken in this instance. if he had triumphed over douglas in 1858, it is more than likely that by some word or act as senator he would have aroused prejudices that would have made him unavailable in 1860, and the nation would never have discovered the leader who, under providence, led it out of the wilderness, and conducted it to peace and freedom. i do not want to moralize overmuch, but can not help saying to my readers that in the lives of all there are present disappointments that lead to ultimate success and prosperity. it would not be hard to adduce convincing proofs. washington and garfield both desired to go to sea when they were boys. had their wishes been gratified their after-careers might have been very different. cromwell had made all arrangements to sail for america when still obscure. he was{163} prevented, and remained in his own country to control its destiny, and take a position at the head of affairs. remember this when your cherished plans are defeated. there is a higher wisdom than ours that shapes and directs our lives.
