emerson somewhere speaks of a friendship "on one side, without due correspondence on the other," and i often thought of it while watching the curious relation between two birds in my house last winter; for the more one studies our feathered neighbors, the better he comes to realize that the difference between their intelligence and that of man himself is "only of less and more."
this friendship, then, was all on one side. it was not a case of "love at sight"; on the contrary, it was first war, and the birds had been room-mates for months before any unusual interest was shown; neither was it simple admiration of beauty, for the recipient of the tenderness was at his worst at the moment; nor, again, could it be the necessity of loving somebody, for the devotee had lived in the house ten years, and had seen forty birds of almost as many kinds come and go, without[pg 224] exhibiting any partiality. the parties to this curious affair were, first, the beloved, a male scarlet tanager, whose summer coat was disfigured with patches of the winter dress he was trying to put on; and secondly, the lover, a male english goldfinch, scarcely half his size.
the tanager, as perhaps every one knows, is one of our most brilliant birds, bright scarlet with black wings and tail. he is as shy as he is gay, living usually in the woods, and not taking at all kindly to the enforced companionship of mankind. i had long been anxious to make the acquaintance of this retiring bird, partly because i desire to know personally all american birds, and partly because i wanted to watch his change of plumage; for the scarlet uniform is only the marriage dress, and put off at the end of the season. hence whenever i saw a tanager in a new york bird store i brought it home, though dealers always warned me that it would not live in confinement. my first attempts were disastrous, certainly. the birds refused to become reconciled, even with all the privileges i gave them, and one after another died, i believe for no other reason than their longing for freedom. let me say here that feeling thus, they would have received their liberty, much as i wished to study them, only their plumage was not in condition to fly,[pg 225] and they would go out to certain death. my hope was to make them contented through the winter, while they put on a new suit of feathers, and open the doors for them in summer.
the subject of this tale, and the last of the series, i procured of a dealer who has learned to keep tanagers in good condition, and i never had trouble with this bird's health or spirits. it was not until may that he wished to leave me. when he joined the circle in the room he had just thoroughly learned that a cage was a place he could not get out of, and he had ceased to try. the first morning when his neighbors came out of their cages he was as much astonished as if he had never seen birds out of a bird store. he stretched up and looked at them with the greatest interest. when one or two began to splash in the large shallow bathing dishes on the table, he was much excited, and plainly desired to join them. i opened his door and placed in it a long perch leading to freedom. for some time he did not come out, and when he did, the sudden liberty drove out of his head all thoughts of a bath. when he flew, he aimed straight for the trees outside the window, and of course came violently against the glass.
this experience all house birds have to go through, and it is sometimes several days before[pg 226] they learned the nature of glass. the tanager learned his lesson more quickly. he fell to the floor at first, from the shock, but in a few moments recovered himself and returned, this time alighting on the top of the lower sash and proceeding to examine the strange substance through which he could see, but could not go. he gently tapped the glass with his beak the whole length of the window, passing back and forth several times till satisfied. turning at last from that, he cast his eye around for another exit, and settled on the white ceiling as the most likely place. then he flew all about the room close to the ceiling, touched it now and then with his beak, and finding it also impassable, he came down to the window again. he had not the least curiosity about the room, and was not at all afraid of me. the world outside the windows and his cage when he was hungry, were all that he cared for at present—except the bath.
the goldfinch was bathing the second time he came out, and he went directly to the table and perched on the side of the dish. now the one thing the little fellow most delighted in was his morning bath, and he at once resented the intrusion of the stranger. he flew at him with open beak and lifted wings, scolding vigorously, in fact gave him so hostile a reception that he[pg 227] quickly retired to the top of the cage, where he stood a long time. afterward also, the goldfinch showed so strong a determination that the intruder should not enjoy his beloved bath, that at last i had to keep him in his cage while the new-comer had a chance at the water.
this did not go on long, however, for very soon the tanager deliberately gave up the world of the bird-room, and insisted on remaining in his cage. in vain was his door set open with the others, in vain did the birds splash and splatter the water, he would not come out, though he did not mope or lose his appetite. in truth, it seemed merely as if he scorned the advantages offered; if he could not go out free into the trees, he would as lief stay in his cage—and he did. this is a not uncommon habit of cage birds. they often need to be driven or coaxed out. having once learned that the cage is home with all its comforts and conveniences, they prefer to be there.
the tanager was always a very shy bird; he did not like to be looked at. if he could manage it, he would never eat while any one saw him. often, when i put a bit of apple or a meal-worm in his cage, he stood and looked at it and at me, but did not move till i turned away, or walked out of his sight, when he instantly pounced upon it as if starved. to[pg 228] make him altogether happy i put a screen around one corner of his cage, behind which were his dishes, and after that it was very droll to see him crouch behind that and eat, every moment or two stretching up to glance over the top and see if i had moved. if i stirred as though about to leave my chair, he at once whisked to the upper perch as if he had been caught in a crime.
the first i noticed of the goldfinch's friendliness to him was after he had lived with us five or six months.
this small bird, in a room of larger ones, was somewhat driven about. i do not mean hurt, but if any one wanted a certain perch he did not hesitate to take it, even if it were already occupied by so little a fellow. he soon learned that near the tanager he was not often molested, and he began first to frequent the perch that ran out of the cage—the doorstep in fact. finding that he was not disturbed, he soon moved his quarters just inside the door. most birds quickly resent the intrusion of another into their cage, but the tanager never did. so long as he was left alone on his favorite upper perches, he did not care who went in below. this being the case, after a while the goldfinch ventured upon the middle perch. still he was not noticed; but presuming on the[pg 229] friendly attitude of his host, he one day hopped upon the perch beside him. this was a step too far; the house-owner turned an open beak toward him, and in unmistakable tones told him to leave—which he at once did, of course.
this boundary made by the tanager was never changed, but in the rest of the cage the goldfinch made himself at home, and at once assumed the position of protector. seeing that the owner did not,—and sure it was somebody's duty,—he began to guard the door, warning away any one who wished to enter, with harsh scolding, fluttering of wings, and swelling up of his little body, amusing to see. the boldest bird in the room was awed by these demonstrations coming from the inside as though the cage were his own. the tanager looked on all this with some interest, but expressed no more gratitude at being protected than he had resentment at being driven from the bath.
soon i noticed a certain chattering talk from the small bird that he had never indulged in excepting to another of his kind—his companion when he first came to me. it was very low but almost continuous, and was plainly addressed to the tanager. as his friendliness progressed, he found the lower perch too far from his charmer, and not being allowed to sit[pg 230] beside him he took to clinging upon the outside of the cage as near to the tanager's usual seat as he could get. the only perching place he had there was a band of tin that held the wires steady, but in spite of what must have been the discomfort of the position, there he hung by the hour, talking, calling, and looking at his idol within. he left the spot only to eat and bathe, and i think if the cage had been supplied with seed he would never have gone at all. when the bird inside hopped to the perch at the other end of the cage, which was the extent of his wanderings, the finch at once followed on the outside, always placing himself as near as possible. it was really touching, to all but the object of it, who took it in the most indifferent way. when the tanager went down to eat, his escort accompanied him as far as the door perch, where he stood and looked on earnestly, ready to return to his old place the moment the luncheon was finished.
on the rare occasions that the self-elected hermit went out, the goldfinch displayed great concern, evidently preferring to have his favorite at home where he could defend him. he flew uneasily across from the cage to his side, then back, as if to show him the way. he also desired to watch the empty house, to preserve it from intrusion, but was constantly divided[pg 231] between his duties of special porter, and bodyguard. but he did his best, even then; he followed the wanderer. if the tanager went to a perch the goldfinch at once alighted on the same, about a foot away, and sidled up as near as he was allowed. he was free to come within about three inches, but nearer he was driven off, so the little fellow placed himself at this distance and there stayed patiently as long as his friend remained. if the latter had been more responsive, i believe the goldfinch would have nestled up against him.
the tanager sometimes strayed into a strange cage, and then the anxious guard followed to the steps and even within, talking earnestly, and no doubt pointing out the danger, yet if the owner unexpectedly appeared he met him at the threshold and fiercely defended the door against the proprietor himself. occasionally the erratic recluse went to the floor—a place never visited by his little attendant, whose trouble was almost painful to see. he at once placed himself on the lowest perch, stretched out and looked over, following every movement with his eyes, in silence, as though the danger was too great to allow conversation, and when his charge returned to a perch, he uttered a loud and joyous call as though some peril had been escaped.[pg 232]
the stanch little friend had many chances to show his loyalty. the other birds in the room were not slow to take advantage of one who never defended himself. in particular a brazilian cardinal, a bold saucy fellow with a scarlet pointed crest and a loud voice, evidently considered the tanager cage common ground, open to everybody, until the goldfinch undertook its defense. it was amusing to see the small bird stand just inside, and rage, puff himself out, wave his wings, and fairly drive away the foe. so impertinent was the brazilian that the finch declared general war upon him, and actually chased his big antagonist around the room and away from his favorite perches, hovering over his head, and flying around it in small circles, trying to peck it, till he flew away defeated, probably because he was too much amazed to think of resisting.
this was not, however, the worst enemy he had to deal with. next door to the tanager lived a robin, a big, rollicking, fun-loving fellow who considered such a retiring personage fair game. his pleasure was to see that the tanager went out every day, and he made it his business to enforce the regulation he had set up. his tactics were to jump upon the roof of the cage, coming down violently just over the head of the tanager, who, of course, hopped quickly[pg 233] to the other perch. then the robin began a mad war-dance across the cage, wings held up, tail spread, bill clattering, and altogether looking as full of mischief as any bad boy one ever saw, while the tanager went wild below, flying in a panic back and forth, but not for some time thinking of leaving the cage. the instant this performance began, the little champion was upon him; he alighted at one end of the short tramping ground on the cage, and met his big foe with open beak and every sign of war. the robin simply lowered his head and went for him, and the little bird had to fly. he pluckily returned at once to the other end and faced him again.
observing that the goldfinch alone was not able to keep the robin away, i provided the cage with a roof of paper, which is usually a perfect protection, since birds dislike the rustle. it did not dismay this naughty fellow, however; on the contrary, it gave an added zest because of that very quality. he pranced across it in glee, making a great noise, and when the violence of his movements pushed it aside, he peered down on the tanager, who stood panting. the sight pleased him, and he resumed his pranks; he lifted the handle of the cage and let it drop with a clatter; he jerked off bits of paper and dropped them into the cage,[pg 234] and in every way showed a very mischievous spirit. meanwhile, all through the confusion the goldfinch scolded furiously, flying around to get a peck at him, and in every way challenging him to fight. occasionally, when he became too troublesome, the robin turned and snapped his beak at him, but did not choose to leave the bigger game.
when at last he tired of his fun, or was driven away, the goldfinch flew to the side of the cage where the frightened tanager had taken refuge, though there was not even a strip of tin to hold on, uttered his loud cheerful call several times, plainly congratulating and reassuring him, and telling him all was safe; and here he clung with difficulty to the upright wires, all the time slipping down, till the tanager went to the upper regions again. every time the robin so much as flew past, the tireless little fellow rushed out at him, scolding. when finally the robin went into his own cage, and the tanager returned to his usual place, the goldfinch at once assumed his uncomfortable perch and sang a loud sweet song, wriggling his body from side to side, and expressing triumph and delight in a remarkable way.
the approach of spring made a change in the tanager. he had not so completely given up the world as it appeared. he began to[pg 235] chirp, to call, and at last to sing. he was still so shy he went down behind his screen to sing, but sing he must and did. now, too, he began to resent the attentions of his admirer, occasionally giving the poor little toes a nip, as they clung to the tin band near his seat. he also went out now, and turned an open beak upon his friend. from simply enduring him, he suddenly began offensive operations against him. poor little lover! an ungrateful peck did not drive him away, but simply made him move a little farther off, and stopped his gentle twittering talk a while. but the tanager grew more and more belligerent. he came out every day, took soaking baths, and returned to his examination of the windows, for the trees were green outside, and plainly he longed to be on them. he stood and looked out, and called, and held his wings up level with his back, fluttering them gently.
all this time the devotion of the little one never changed, though it was so badly received. when the tanager turned savagely and gave his faithful friend a severe peck, instead of resenting it the hurt bird flew to another perch, where he stood a long time, uttering occasionally a low, plaintive call, as if of reproach, all his cheerfulness gone, a melancholy sight indeed. i waited only for warm days to set free[pg 236] the tanager, and at last they came. early in june the bird was put into a traveling cage, carried into the country, where a lovely bit of woods and a pretty lake insured a good living, and the absence of sparrows made it safe for a bird that had been caged. then the door was opened, and he instantly flew out of sight.
the bird left at home seemed a little lost for a few days, moped about, often visited the empty cage, but in a short time entirely abandoned it, and evidently looked no more for his friend. but he is changed too: not quite so gay as before; not so much singing; and not a word of the soft chattering talk we heard so constantly while his beloved friend was here.
