all day long, on the 6th of october, william gale sat at an open window in the upper story of the parsee's house--facing west--and listened to the distant roar of the battle; while all cabul was in a state of wild excitement, in the sure anticipation of victory. will felt equally confident as to the result of the battle. he knew that--well led--a british force could be trusted to carry any position held by the afghans; and he felt sure that, even should he fail to carry it by direct attack, the english general would, sooner or later, succeed in turning it by flank movements.
about two o'clock in the afternoon, william noticed a change in the character of the sounds in the town. in the hindoo quarter all had been quiet--for the inhabitants greatly feared that, in a burst of fanaticism following a victory achieved over the british, the afghans might sack the hindoo quarter, and murder its inhabitants. yossouf, however, had been all the morning out in the town; and had, from time to time, brought in a report of the rumors current there.
at first it was said that the british were being utterly routed, that they were being exterminated by the afghan fire, that the hill tribes were sweeping down upon their rear, and that not a man would escape. presently the reports became more contradictory. the firing was still heard, but it was no longer one continuous roll. some said that the british were annihilated; others that, repulsed in their attack, they had fallen back to their camp but, soon after two o'clock, yossouf rushed up to william's room with the news that the afghans had been driven from the heights, and that the british were in possession of these, and of the defile through them.
yossouf had, throughout the morning, been swayed by conflicting emotions and wishes. at one moment he hoped that his countrymen might conquer; then the fear that, after victory, the hindoo quarter might be sacked, and his english friend discovered and killed, overpowered his feeling of patriotism.
it must be remembered that afghanistan has, for centuries, been rather a geographical expression than a country. its population is composed of a great number of tribes, without any common feelings or interest, and often engaged in desperate wars and conflicts with each other. the two leading tribes--the ghilzais and duranees--had long struggled for ascendency in the cultivated portion of the country. for a long period the ghilzais had had the supremacy, but the duranees were now lords of the country.
the mountain tribes, for the most part, held themselves entirely independent; and although, in time, they gave a nominal allegiance to the ameer of cabul, yet--as had been shown in the khurum valley--they hated their native masters, with an animosity far exceeding that which they felt towards the british. that throughout the war the tribesmen were ready, when they saw an opportunity to attack english convoys and small columns, is true; but they were animated by a love of plunder, rather than of country and, over a considerable area of afghanistan--notably at candahar--the people, in general, would have infinitely preferred the mild and just rule of the english, to the military tyranny of cabul.
thus, yossouf had grown up without understanding the meaning of the feeling which we call patriotism. he had, it is true, been taught to hate the unbelievers; but this feeling had disappeared, on his acquaintance with will gale, and he now ranked the safety and happiness of his friend far before any national consideration. how weak is the feeling of patriotism, among the afghans, is shown by the fact that most of the british frontier troops consist of afghan hillmen; who are always ready, when called upon, to fight desperately against their countrymen and co-religionists. examples of treachery, such as that exhibited by the two pathans who fired their guns, to warn their countrymen of the british advance up the spingawi pass, are almost unknown.
it was, then, with a feeling of joy that yossouf related, to his english friends, the news of the defeat of the afghan army. throughout the hindoo quarter there was deep, but suppressed, gladness at the news of the british victory; and this increased when, as the night went on, it was known that the afghan army was totally dispersed, that the troops remaining in cabul had fled, and that the city was virtually open for the entrance of the english.
when, on the 12th--with bands playing, and colors displayed--the british troops marched through cabul, will would fain have gone out and joined his countrymen. but the parsee pointed out, to him, that this would draw the attention of the afghans to the fact that he had been concealed by him; and that in case, at any time, the british should evacuate cabul and return to india, he would be a marked man for the vengeance of the afghans. will therefore wrapped up in a long cloak and, accompanied by yossouf and the parsee, left the house after dark and, proceeding to the gate, walked out to the bala-hissar.
explaining who he was, will was soon passed through the sentries which had been set, at nightfall; and was conducted to the quarters of the general. the latter was greatly surprised when he was told that an english soldier, who had been present at the attack upon the mission, wished to speak to him; and at once ordered will to be brought before him. great was his surprise when he learned, from the young soldier, that he had fought under him at the taking of peiwar-khotal and, having been made prisoner near ali-kheyl, had been brought to cabul; and had joined the party of sir lewis cavagnari, on its arrival at that city. still more that, having been in the residency when the attack upon it was commenced by the heratee soldiery, he had managed to escape from the massacre of that night.
after having first heard a complete outline of will's story, the general called in several of his staff--who had just finished dinner--and then requested will to give a full and detailed description of his adventures. after he had concluded, yossouf and the parsee were called in, and the general warmly expressed his gratification at the kindness that they had shown to a wounded english soldier, at the risk of their lives. he ordered that a handsome present should be made to yossouf, and told the parsee to call again in the morning, when the quartermaster general would be told to arrange, with him, for the supply of such articles as the country afforded for the use of the troops.
"your regiment," he said to will, "is, at present, at jellalabad. whether it will come up here i do not yet know but, in the meantime, you will be promoted to the rank of sergeant--which is the least we can do, after what you have gone through--and you will take your place with my staff orderly sergeants."
he then sent for one of the sergeants and gave will into his charge, telling him he would speak further with him, when he had arranged the pressing business which the occupation of cabul entailed upon him.
yossouf remained with will, being--at his urgent request--placed upon the roll as a native follower, of whom a considerable number accompany each regiment in india. his duties were but nominal for, when will's story was well known, yossouf became a most popular character among the sergeants of the staff. the money which he had received--in the first place from the ameer, and now from general roberts--would secure his future. in afghanistan animals are cheap; and the owner of a small herd of oxen, sheep, or even goats is regarded by his neighbors as a wealthy man. therefore yossouf would, on the departure of the british, be able to settle down in a position of comparative affluence.
two days later general roberts, being one evening disengaged, sent for william gale. he had been much struck with the bearing and manner of the young soldier, and now requested him to give him a full history of his antecedents.
"you have had a curious and eventful history," he said, when the young sergeant had finished, "and appear to have conducted yourself with great discretion, readiness, and courage. from what you tell me of your conversation with colonel shepherd, i have no doubt that he formed the same impression that i do, from your manner and appearance--that you are of a respectable, if not of good family--and i trust that you will some day discover a clue to your parents. it seems to me that, had the authorities of the place where you were left properly bestirred themselves, they ought to have been able to find out who you are.
"however, that is not to the point, now. it is sufficient for me that, from your manner and address, you would not be out of place in any position. i shall, of course, report the fact of your having fought by major cavagnari's side, in the attack upon him here; and shall strongly recommend that a commission be granted you. i am sure that, from your conduct hitherto, you will never do discredit to any position in which you may find yourself.
"say nothing to your fellow sergeants of what i have told you. it is possible--although not probable--that my recommendation may not be acted upon and, at any rate, some months must elapse before an answer can be received."
william gale returned to his quarters in a state of extreme delight. the communication which general roberts had made to him was altogether beyond his hopes. he had, indeed, from the very day that he enlisted, often hoped that, some time or other, he might win for himself a commission; and take his place in the rank to which he had, from his childhood, believed that he was, by birth, entitled. the words and manner of his colonel had encouraged this hope, but he had never dreamed that his promotion might be attained so soon. it was but a year since he had enlisted, and five was the very earliest at which he had even dreamed that a commission might possibly be gained.
the next day he had been sent from the orderly room with a note to the colonel of the 67th, which was the regiment now in quarters in the bala-hissar; the rest of the force being encamped in the plain, below. as he was walking across the open, he was suddenly hurled to the ground with tremendous violence and, at the same moment, a roar as loud as that of thunder sounded in his ears. bewildered and half stunned, he rose to his feet; while showers of stones, beams, and other debris fell around him.
illustration: one of the gunpowder magazines had exploded.
one of the gunpowder magazines had exploded. it had been known that very large quantities of powder were stored in various buildings at the bala-hissar and, at the moment of the explosion, a body of engineers, under captain shafto, were examining the buildings in which it was stored, and making preparation for the removal of the powder. singularly enough, no soldiers of the 67th were killed but, of the ghoorkas, who were on guard at the arsenal at the time, twelve were killed and seven wounded. shafto was, unfortunately, killed.
the 67th were at once called out, and set to work to extinguish the flames which had been kindled by the explosion--great damage being done. the southern wall of the arsenal had been blown down, and several buildings set on fire. explosion followed explosion, and the work of extinguishing the flames was an extremely dangerous one.
in the afternoon another magazine blew up. fortunately, no troops were in its neighborhood at the time; but four afghans were killed, and several soldiers hurt, at a distance of three or four hundred yards from the spot. although it was never proved, it was strongly believed that these explosions were caused by the afghans and--as large quantities of powder still remained in the bala-hissar--it was determined that, for the present, the place should be evacuated. the general therefore, with his staff and the regiment in garrison, left the place and joined the camp in the plain.
the little force at cabul was now isolated. troops were slowly coming up the khyber pass to jellalabad; where a division was to be formed, destined in the spring to join the force at cabul, should it be necessary to carry on further operations.
between cabul and the shatur-gardan the natives were in a restless and excited state. two attacks, by 3000 men, had been made on the garrison holding the crest of the latter position--three hundred in number. these bravely sallied out, attacked the enemy in the open, and killed large numbers of them. still, great numbers of the tribesmen were gathered round; and general gough, with the 5th punjaubee cavalry, the 5th punjaubee infantry, and four guns, was therefore sent from cabul to bring down, from the shatur-gardan, the garrison and all the stores accumulated there. the pass, which would shortly be closed by snow, was then to be deserted.
several executions now took place, at cabul, of men who were proved to have shared in the attack on the embassy. some of the leading men of the place, who had instigated the troops to the attack, were among those executed. many of the villagers were also hung, for shooting at detached bodies of our troops. a proclamation had been issued by the general, on his first arrival, warning the people that any attempt against our authority would be severely punished; forbidding the carrying of weapons within the streets of cabul, or within a distance of five miles of the city gates; and offering a reward for all arms belonging to the afghan troops which should be given up, and for the surrender of any person, whether soldier or civilian, concerned in the attack on the embassy.
the position of the british force, at cabul, was that of a body holding only the ground they occupied, in the midst of a bitterly hostile country. the ameer was powerless and, indeed, his goodwill was more than doubtful. he had, from his arrival in the camp, been regarded as a prisoner--although treated with courtesy--and after the battle of chaurasia--feeling his own impotence, and being viewed with hostility by both parties--he resigned his position as ameer, and asked to be sent to india, which was done. the abdication of the ameer really took place on the day the troops entered cabul, but it was not publicly known until the end of the month; as nothing could be done, on the subject, until his desire was communicated to the indian authorities, and their views concerning it ascertained.
from the moment of his arrival at cabul, general roberts had set to work to prepare for the winter. he would, for four or five months, be entirely cut off; and would have to rely upon himself, alone. he had before him the terrible catastrophe which had, on the same ground, befallen general elphinstone's army; and knew that it was possible--and indeed probable--that, with the memory of that success before them, the afghans would unite in another great effort to annihilate the little force shut up in the heart of their country.
fortunately he had, in the ameer's barracks at sherpur, a position which he was confident he could hold against any attacks that could be made upon him. these extensive barracks had been erected by sheer-ali for the use of his cavalry, but had never been used. they consisted of a large square, three sides of which were surrounded by a lofty wall--an isolated and rocky, steep hill rising at the back, and closing the fourth side. the buildings were amply large enough to contain the whole of general roberts' force; and there was abundant room for the stores, baggage animals, and wagons.
the only fault was, indeed, that the extent of wall to be defended was too long for the force at his disposal. round two sides the outer wall was complete but, on the third, it had not been taken to its full height, nor had it been continued so as to join the hill behind it.
great efforts were made to bring in sufficient provisions and forage for the winter; and expeditions were made up the logan, maidan, and other valleys for the purpose. winter was fast setting in. snow had begun to fall upon the hills, and ice formed on the pools, every night. the natives of the valleys near were ready enough to sell their grain, straw, and fuel; but few supplies came in from a distance, as armed bands stopped all supplies on their way. however, a sufficient amount of food and fuel was obtained, and stored in sherpur. grain, too, was procured for the winter; and the only article of which the supply was insufficient was chopped straw, of which a very large quantity was required.
the attitude of the natives grew daily more hostile. their priests were preaching a revolt to the death, and recalling to the people how their fathers had annihilated a british force, thirty years before. urged alike by fanaticism and a desire for plunder, the natives over the whole country were seething with excitement; and general roberts saw that a crisis was approaching. the afghans could assemble at least 100,000 men; and among these would be included all the troops of the ameer's disbanded armies, armed with weapons equal to our own, and burning to revenge the defeats which had been inflicted upon them. to oppose them the english general had less than 6000 men.
but though prepared for trouble, the storm, when it came, burst suddenly upon the english. the enemy were known to be collecting in great numbers, in the maidan valley, and two columns were sent out to attack them. one was commanded by macpherson, the other by baker. although they were to strike simultaneously at the enemy, their route of march lay up different valleys--with a lofty mountain range between them--so they could in no way cooperate with each other. after they had started, general massy was directed to move out, with a small force of cavalry and a battery of horse artillery, and cooperate with general macpherson.
an hour after the cavalry had started general roberts, himself, rode out. he was accompanied by his usual escort, and by two mounted orderly sergeants. one of these was william gale. they had only proceeded a short distance when they heard, some distance ahead of them, the guns of the royal horse artillery--with massy--at work; and the general at once rode forward, at a gallop.
general macpherson had found mahomed jan--one of the principal leaders of the afghans--with 10,000 men, near chardeh. a fight ensued. the guns shelled the enemy, but the water courses prevented the cavalry with macpherson acting; and mahomed jan, moving across the hills, placed himself between macpherson and cabul. shortly afterwards general massy--who had with him three troops of the 9th lancers, and forty-four men of the 14th bengal lancers, with four guns under major smith-wyndham--came in sight of a portion of mahomed jan's force. it was clear that these had, in some way, interposed themselves between the little force and macpherson's column; and massy supposed that they were a party of fugitives, flying before the force of macpherson or baker.
as they came streaming down the hill, he got his guns into action. after a few shells had been fired, the enemy advanced in full force. four thousand men were extended in the shape of a crescent, advancing in fairly good order; while behind was an irregular mob, of some six thousand men.
the ground upon which general massy found himself, at this time, was singularly unfitted for the action of artillery. it was cut up by deep water courses, and anything like rapidity of movement was impossible. it would have been prudent had massy--when he saw how large was the force opposed to him--at once retired, until he came to ground where his guns could be rapidly maneuvered but, relying upon the effect of the shell, he remained in the position in which he had first discovered the enemy. the shell pitched rapidly into the thick of the afghans, but no effect was produced in checking their advance. they did not waver for a moment, but came steadily on. the enemy's bullets were now dropping fast among the cavalry and guns. thirty of the 9th lancers were dismounted, and opened fire with their martini carbines; but the enemy were too numerous to be checked by so small a body of men.
at this moment, sir frederick roberts arrived upon the spot. the position was serious and, to retire the guns in safety, it was absolutely necessary to check the advance of the enemy. general roberts therefore ordered massy to send his cavalry at the enemy. colonel cleland led a squadron of the 9th full at the advancing mass, the bengal lancers following; while captain gough, with his troop of the 9th, charged the enemy's left flank--but even the charge of balaclava was scarcely more desperate than this. two hundred and twenty men, however gallant, could not be expected to conquer 10,000.
the three bodies of cavalry charged, at full speed, into the midst of the enemy's infantry; who received them with a terrible fire, which killed many horses and men. the impetus of the charge bore down the leading ranks of the afghans, and the cavalry tore their way through the mass, until their progress was blocked by sheer weight of numbers. a desperate melee took place--the troopers fighting with their sabers, the afghans with knives, and clubbed muskets. many of the soldiers were struck from their horses. some were dragged to their feet again, by their comrades; others were killed upon the ground.
the chaplain of the force--the reverend mr. adams--had accompanied the troopers in the charge and, seeing a man jammed under a fallen horse, he leaped from his saddle and extricated him; and brought him off, in spite of the attack of several afghans. for this act of bravery he received the victoria cross, being the first chaplain in the army who had ever obtained that decoration.
when the dust raised by the charging squadrons had subsided, it was seen that the enemy were still advancing. the lancers had fallen back and, as the men galloped in, they rallied behind captain gough's troop; which had kept best together, and had formed up again between the guns and the enemy. lieutenants hersee and ricardo, and sixteen of their men, had been left dead upon the ground. colonel cleland, lieutenant mackenzie, and seven of the troopers were wounded. a second charge was ordered; but this time it was not pushed home, as a wide water course checked the advance.
under cover of the first cavalry charge, major smith-wyndham had ordered two of the guns to be taken off and, as he now fell back with the other two, one of them stuck in the water course. the greatest efforts were made, with the horses which still remained uninjured, to get the gun out; but the enemy were pressing close on. lieutenant hardy was killed, by a shot through the head, and the gun was abandoned. the other three guns were retired 400 or 500 yards farther; but here they became hopelessly bogged in a channel, deeper than any that had hitherto been met with. they were spiked, and left in the water; and the drivers and gunners moved off with the cavalry, just as the enemy poured down upon them.
seeing the danger of the situation, and the large force of the enemy, general roberts had, on his first arrival, sent off a trooper at full gallop to general gough--who commanded at sherpur--ordering him to send out two hundred men of the 72nd highlanders, at the double, to hold the gorge leading direct from the scene of conflict to cabul. there was but a very small garrison of british troops in the city and, had the enemy made their way there, the townspeople would have risen, and a serious disaster taken place.
after leaving the guns behind them, the cavalry retired steadily towards the village at the head of the gorge; keeping up a hot fire, with their carbines, on the enemy who pressed upon them.
"ride back, sergeant gale," the general said, "and meet the 72nd. hurry them up at full speed--every minute is precious."
william gale rode back at full speed. until a fortnight before, he had never been on a horse; but the animal which he rode was well trained and steady and, hitherto, he had had no difficulty in keeping his seat, as he trotted along with the escort. it was a different thing, now; for the ground was rough, and the horse going at a full gallop, and he clung on to the pummel of the saddle, to steady himself. as he passed through the village, he saw the highlanders coming along at a trot, half a mile further on; and was soon beside colonel brownlow, who commanded them.
"the enemy are pressing the cavalry back, sir," he said as, with difficulty, he pulled up his horse. "the general desires you to use the greatest possible speed, as every moment is precious."
panting and out of breath as the highlanders were, they responded to colonel brownlow's shout and, rushing forward almost at racing speed, reached the village while the afghans were still 100 yards beyond it. they instantly opened such a fire upon the enemy that the latter ceased their advance, and soon fell back; and cabul was, for the moment, safe.
