"your regiment has been distinguishing itself again, colonel o'connor, i have heard from three sources. first, general barnard reported to me that he, and the other officers, were wholly unable to restrain the troops from their villainous work last night; until he found you and your regiment drawn up in perfect order, and was able, with it, to put an end to the disorder everywhere reigning. in the second place, the count de montego and the marquis de valoroso, two of the wealthiest nobles in the province, have called upon me to return thanks for the inestimable service, as they expressed it, rendered by colonel o'connor and his officers, in defending their houses, and protecting the lives and honour of their families, from the assaults of the soldiers. they said that the defenders consisted entirely of officers. how was that?"
"i am sorry to say that my men were, at first, infected by the general spirit of disorder. left alone by ourselves, i thought that we could not do anything better than save, from spoliation, two fine mansions that happened to be at the spot where we had been left. we had to stand a sharp siege for two or three hours; but we abstained, as far as possible, from using our arms, and i think that only two or three of the soldiers were wounded. however, we should have had to use our pistols in earnest, in a short time, had i not sent out several of my officers by the back entrance of the house; and these were not long in finding, and persuading to return to their duties, a couple of hundred men.
"as soon as we sallied out the affair was at an end, and the soldiers fled. the officers were sent out again and when, an hour later, general barnard came up, we had some seventeen hundred in readiness for action; and his arrival relieved me of the heavy responsibility of deciding what course had better be adopted."
"yes, he told me so, and i think that you acted very wisely in holding your men back till he arrived; for nothing could have been more unfortunate than a conflict in the streets between british and portuguese troops. there is no doubt that, had it not been for your regiment, the disgraceful scenes of last night would have been very much worse than they were. i should be glad if you will convey my thanks to them."
"thank you, sir; but i shall be obliged if you will allow me to say that you regret to hear that a regiment, in which you placed confidence, should have at first behaved so badly; but that they had retrieved their conduct by their subsequent behaviour, and had acted as you would have expected of them. i have been speaking very severely to them, this morning; and i am afraid that the effect of my words would be altogether lost, were i to report your commendation of their conduct, without any expression of blame."
lord wellington smiled.
"do it as you like, colonel o'connor. however, your regiment will be placed in orders, today, as an exception to the severe censure passed upon the troops who entered the town last night. and do you really think that they will behave better, another time?"
"i am sure they will, sir. i threatened to have the three hundred, who had not joined when general barnard arrived, transferred to another regiment; and it was only upon their solemn promise, and by the whole of the officers guaranteeing their conduct in the future, that i forgave them. moreover, every article taken in money, jewels, or dress has been given up; and i have sent them to the syndic, the money for distribution among the sufferers, the jewellery and other things to be reclaimed by those from whom they were taken. their kits were being examined thoroughly, when i came away; but i think that i can say, with certainty, that no single stolen article will be found in them."
"you have done very well, sir, very well, and your influence with your men is surprising.
"your regiment will be quartered in the convent of san jose. other divisions will move in this afternoon, and take the place of the 1st and 3rd brigades. your regiment, therefore, may consider it a high honour that they will be retained here.
"i daresay that it will not be long before i find work for you to do again. lord somerset will give you an order, at once, to take possession of the convent."
terence returned to the regiment in high spirits. the work of inspection was still going on. at its conclusion, colonel herrara reported that no single article of plunder had been found.
"i am gratified that it is so, herrara," he said; "now let the regiment form up in hollow square, again.
"men," he went on, "i have a message for you from lord wellington;" and he repeated that which he had suggested. "thus you see, men, that the conduct of those who at once obeyed orders, and returned to their ranks, has caused the misconduct of the others to be forgiven; and lord wellington has still confidence that the regiment will behave well, in future. the fact that all plunder has been given up to be restored to its owners had, of course, some effect in inducing him to believe this. i hope that every man will take the lesson to heart, that the misdeeds of a few may bring disgrace on a whole regiment; and that you will, in future, do nothing to forfeit the name that the minho regiment has gained, for good conduct as well as for bravery."
a loud cheer broke from the regiment, who then marched to the convent of san jose, and took up its quarters there. two hours later, the two spanish nobles called upon terence. the count de montego introduced his companion.
"we have only just heard where you were quartered," he went on. "we have both been trying in vain, all the morning, to find you; not a soldier of your regiment was to be seen in the streets and, although we questioned many officers, none could say where you were.
"you went off so suddenly, last night, that i had no opportunity of expressing our gratitude to you and your officers."
"you said enough, and more than enough, last night, count," terence replied; "and we are all glad, indeed, that we were able to protect both your houses. lord wellington informed me that you had called upon him, and spoken highly of the service we had been able to render you. pray say no more about it. i can quite understand what you feel, and i can assure you that no thanks are due to me, for having done my duty as a british officer and a gentleman on so lamentable and, i admit, disgraceful an occasion."
"my wife and daughters, and those of the marquis of valoroso, are all most anxious to see you, and thank you and your officers. they were too frightened and agitated, last night, to say aught and, indeed, as they say, they scarcely noticed your features. can you bring your officers round now?"
"i am sorry to say i cannot do that, senor. they have to see after the arrangements and comfort of the men, the getting of the rations, the cooking, and so on. tomorrow they will, i am sure, be glad to pay you a visit."
"but you can come, can you not, colonel?"
"yes, i am at liberty now, count, and shall be happy to pay my respects to the senoras."
"the more i hear," the marquis said, as they walked along together, "of the events of last night, the more deeply i feel the service that you have rendered us. i am unable to understand how it is that your soldiers should behave with such outrageous violence to allies."
"it is very disgraceful, and greatly to be regretted, senor; but i am bound to say that, as i have now gone through four campaigns, and remember the conduct of the spanish authorities to our troops during our march to talavera, our stay there, and on our retreat, i am by no means surprised that among the soldiers, who are unable to draw a distinction between the people and the authorities, there should be a deep and lasting hatred. there is no such hatred for the french.
"our men fought the battle of talavera when weak with hunger; while the spaniards, who engaged to supply them with provisions, were feasting. our men were neglected and starved in the hospitals, and would have died to a man had not, happily for them, the french arrived, and treated them with the greatest humanity and kindness. soldiers do not forget this sort of thing. they know that, for the last three years, the promises of the spanish authorities have never once been kept, and that they have had to suffer greatly from the want of transport and stores promised. we can, of course, discriminate between the people at large and their authorities; but the soldiers can make no such distinction and, deeply as i deplore what has happened here, i must own that the soldiers have at least some excuse for their conduct."
the two spaniards were silent.
"i cannot gainsay your statement," the count de montego said. "indeed, no words can be too strong for the conduct of both the central, and all the provincial juntas."
"then, senor, how is it that the people do not rise and sweep them away, and choose honest and resolute men in their place?"
"that is a difficult question to answer, colonel. it may be said, why do not all people, when ill governed, destroy their tyrants?"
"possibly because, as a rule, the tyrants have armies at their backs; but here such armies as there are, although nominally under the orders of the juntas, are practically led by their own generals, and would obey them rather than the juntas.
"however, that is a matter for the spanish people alone. although we have suffered cruelly by the effects of your system, please remember that i am not in the smallest degree defending the conduct of our troops; but only trying to show that they had, at least, some excuse for regarding the spaniards as foes rather than as allies; and that they had, as they considered, a long list of wrongs to avenge."
"there is truth in all you say, colonel. unfortunately, men like ourselves, who are the natural leaders of the people, hold aloof from these petty provincial struggles; and leave all the public offices to be filled with greedy adventurers, and have been accustomed to consider work of any kind beneath us. the country is paying dearly for it, now. i trust, when the war is over, seeing how the country has suffered by our abstention from politics, and from the affairs of our provinces, we shall put ourselves forward to aid in the regeneration of spain."
by this time they had arrived at the door of the count's house. the street had been to some extent cleared; but shattered doors, broken windows, portions of costly furniture, and household articles of all sorts still showed how terrible had been the destruction of the previous night. large numbers of the poorer class were at work clearing the roads, as the city authorities had been ordered, by lord wellington, to restore order in all the thoroughfares.
the count led the way up to the drawing room. the countess and her three daughters rose.
"i introduced our brave defender to you last night," the count said, "but in the half-darkened room, and in the confusion and alarm that prevailed, you could have had but so slight a view of him that i doubt whether you would know him again."
"i should not, indeed," the countess said. "we have been speaking of him ever since, but could not agree as to his appearance.
"oh, senor, no word can tell you how grateful we feel to you for your defence of us, last night. what horrors we should have suffered, had it not been for your interposition!"
"i am delighted to have been of service to you, senora. it was my duty, and it was a very pleasurable one, i can assure you; and i pray you to say no more about it."
"how is it that you speak spanish so well, senor?" the countess asked, after her daughters had shyly expressed their gratitude to terence.
"i owe it chiefly to a muleteer of salamanca. i was a prisoner there last year, and he accompanied me for a month, after i had made my escape from the prison. also, i owe much to the guerilla chief moras, with whom i acted for six weeks, last autumn. i had learned a little of your language before and, speaking portuguese fluently, i naturally picked it up without any great difficulty."
"your name is not unknown to us, colonel," the count said. "living so close to the frontier as we do, we naturally know much of what passes in portugal; and heard you spoken of as a famous leader of a strong portuguese regiment, that seems to have been in the thick of all the fighting. but we heard that you had been taken prisoner by the french, at the battle of fuentes d'onoro."
"yes, i had the misfortune to be captured by them, and was sent to salamanca; but i escaped by the aid of a girl who sold fruit in the prison. a muleteer took me with him on a journey to cadiz, and thence i came round to lisbon by ship."
"you seem very young to have seen so much service, if you will excuse my saying so, colonel."
terence smiled.
"i have had great luck, senor; extraordinary luck."
"ah, colonel! we know how well you have deserved that luck, as you call it; and you would never have been in command of such a regiment if you had not done something very much out of the way to attract the attention of your commanders."
"i was not appointed to the regiment. i raised it myself; that is to say, i came upon a number of portuguese who had been called out for service, but who had neither leader nor arms. being anxious to fight for their country, they asked me to be their leader, and i accepted the offer. i found them docile and obedient and, with the aid of two british troopers with me, a spanish officer, and twelve of his troopers, i established something like order and discipline and, as we were fortunate in our first affair with the enemy, they had faith in me, and i was able to raise them to a point of discipline which is, i think, now quite equal to that of our own regiments. seeing that i had made myself useful with my corps, i was confirmed in my command, and obtained the rank of colonel in the portuguese service; and am now a major in our own."
"i hope, senor, that later on you will tell us the story of some of your adventures. be assured that the house and all in it are yours, and that it is not for mere curiosity that we would hear your story; but that, as we shall ever retain a grateful memory of what you have done for us, everything relating to you is of deep interest to us."
after chatting for another quarter of an hour, terence went with the count de montego to the house next door. here he received an equally warm welcome from the wife and son and daughter of the marquis.
at both houses, he was warmly urged to take up his quarters there during his stay at ciudad; but explained that his place was with his regiment. he promised that he would call frequently, when his duties permitted him to do so.
the next day the two spanish noblemen came to him and, after parade was over, carried off the greater portion of the officers to be also introduced to their families. from that time, three or four of the officers were always invited to dinner at each house. terence and ryan frequently spent their evenings there, and their hosts introduced them to many of the leading people in the town.
the spanish general, carlos d'espagna, was appointed governor of ciudad. papers having been discovered, showing that many of the inhabitants had acted as french emissaries, these he executed without mercy. so rigorous, however, were his measures that it was felt that more than sufficient blood had been shed and, accordingly, several british deserters found in the town were pardoned. many others of these men had fallen, fighting desperately in the breach; believing that there was no hope of mercy being extended to them, if taken prisoners.
in the siege the allies lost 1200 men and 90 officers; among whom were generals crawford and mackinnon, both killed, and general vandeleur, badly wounded. lord wellington was created duke of ciudad rodrigo by the spaniards, and earl of wellington by the english. the french loss was 300 killed and wounded, 1500 prisoners, an immense store of ammunition, and 150 guns.
thanks to the vigilance with which the minho regiment had guarded the line of the fords of the yeltes, no news of the siege was received by marmont in time for him to interfere with it. the bridge over the aqueda had been thrown across on the 1st of january, and the siege began on the 8th but, even on the 12th, nothing was known at salamanca of the advance of the british army; and it was not until the 15th, three days after the town had fallen, that news that the siege had begun reached marmont at valladolid. he had ordered his army to concentrate on salamanca, but it was not until the 25th that 35,000 men were collected there and, on the following day, the news arrived of the fall of ciudad.
in the meantime large numbers of labourers were being employed in repairing and strengthening the fortifications of that town, while wellington laboured in making preparations for the siege of badajoz. these, however, progressed but slowly, owing to the refusal of the portuguese government to supply transport for the guns; or to furnish any facilities, whatever, for the supply of food for the army. wellington maintained his headquarters on the coa until the first week in march, and then moved south with the greater part of the army; ciudad being left entirely in the hands of the spaniards, the general supplying the governor with provisions and stores, and explaining to him the object and intention of the new works.
a very strong force was left to guard the frontier of portugal from an invasion by marmont; 50,000 men, of whom 20,000 were portuguese, being scattered along the line and guarding all the passes--the minho regiment being ordered to take post, again, at pinhel.
terence left ciudad with reluctance. he had all along been treated as a dear friend, in the houses of the two spanish noblemen, and spent most of his evenings at one or other of them. he had been obliged to tell, in full detail, all his adventures since he joined the army. the rescue of his cousin from the convent at oporto had particularly excited the interest of the ladies, who asked innumerable questions about her.
ryan frequently accompanied him, but his very slight knowledge of spanish prevented him from feeling the same pleasure at the familiar intercourse. bull and macwitty were absolutely ignorant of the language and, although herrara now and then accepted invitations to dinner, terence and ryan were the only two officers of the regiment who felt at home among the spaniards.
before the regiment marched off, each of the portuguese officers was presented with a handsome gold watch bearing an inscription expressing the gratitude of the two spanish noblemen, and their families. bull, macwitty, and herrara received, in addition, heavy gold chains. ryan received a splendid horse, with saddle, holsters, and a brace of finely-finished pistols; and a similar present was made to terence.
on the day when he went to say goodbye, he found the ladies of both families assembled at the count de montego's. his host said:
"you must consider the horses and equipment as a special present from myself and the marquis, colonel o'connor; but the ladies of our two families wish to give you a little memorial of their gratitude."
"they are memorials only," his wife said, "and are feeble testimonies, indeed, of what we feel. these are the joint presents of the marquise and her daughter, and of myself and my girls," and she gave him a small case containing a superb diamond ring, of great value; and then a large case containing a magnificent parure of diamonds and emeralds.
"this, senor, is for your future wife. she will value it, i am sure, not so much for what it may be worth; but as a testimony of the gratitude, of six spanish ladies, for the inestimable services that you rendered them. perhaps they will have a special value in her eyes, inasmuch as the stones all formed a small part of the jewels of the two families that you saved from plunder. we have, of course, had them reset; and there was no difficulty in getting this done, for at present ours are, i believe, the only jewels in ciudad."
"my dear countess," terence said, much moved, "i do not like taking so valuable a present."
"what is it, in comparison to what you have done for us, senor? and please do not suppose that we have seriously diminished our store. nowhere, i believe, have ladies such jewels as they have in spain; and few families can boast of finer ones than those of the marquise and myself. and i can assure you that we shall value our jewels all the more, when we think that some of their companions will be worn by the wife of the gentleman who has preserved more than our lives."
"that is a royal gift, indeed," herrara said, when terence showed him the jewels. "i should be afraid to say what they are worth. many of the old spanish families possess marvellous jewels, relics of the day when the spaniards owned the wealth of the indies and the spoils of half europe; and i should imagine that these must have been among the finest stones in the possession of both families. if i were you, colonel, i should take the very first opportunity that occurs of sending them to england."
"you may be sure that i shall do so, herrara. they are not the sort of things to be carried about in a cavalry wallet, and i have no other place to stow them. as soon as we arrive at pinhel, i will get a strong box made to hold the two cases, and hand them over to the paymaster there, to be sent down to lisbon by the next convoy. he sent home all the money that i did not want to keep by me, when we were at pinhel last."
two other portuguese regiments, and a brigade of british infantry, were stationed at pinhel in readiness, at any moment, to march to almeida or guarda, should marmont make a forward movement; which was probable enough, for it was evident, by the concentration of his troops at salamanca and valladolid, that he had no intention of marching south; but intended to leave it to soult, with the armies of estremadura, castile, and andalusia, to relieve badajoz.
from time to time, news came from that town. the siege had begun on the 17th of march, the attack being made on a fortified hill called the picurina; but at first the progress was slow. incessant rain fell, the ground became a swamp, and all operations had, several times, to be suspended; while phillipon, the brave officer who commanded the garrison, made numerous sorties from the town, with more or less success.
on the night of the 25th, an assault was made on the strong fort on the picurina; which was captured after desperate fighting, and the loss of 19 officers and 300 men, killed and wounded. on the following day the trenches were opened for the attack upon the town itself. the assailants laboured night and day and, on the 6th, a breach had been effected in the work called the trinidad; and this was to be attacked by the 4th and light divisions. the castle was at the same time to be assailed by picton's division, while general power's portuguese were to make a feint on the other side of the guadiana, and san roque was to be stormed by the forces employed in the trenches.
the enterprise was well-nigh desperate. the breaches had not been sufficiently cleared, and it was known that the enemy had thrown up strong intrenchments behind them. most of the guns were still in position to sweep the breaches, and another week, at least, should have been occupied in preparing the way for an assault. but wellington was forced here, as at ciudad, to fight against time. soult was close at hand, and the british had not sufficient force to give him battle, and at the same time to continue the siege of the town; and it was therefore necessary either to carry the place at once, at whatever cost of life, or to abandon the fruits of all the efforts that had been made.
had wellington's instructions been carried out, there would have been no occasion, whatever, for the assault to have been delivered until the breaches were greatly extended, the intrenchments destroyed, and the guns silenced. the portuguese ministry, however, had thwarted him at every turn; and the siege could not be commenced until a fortnight after the date fixed by wellington. this fortnight's delay cost the lives of 4000 british soldiers.
four of the assaults on the breaches failed. on the crest of these phillipon had erected a massive stockade, thickly bristling with sabre blades. on the upper part of the breach, planks, similarly studded, had been laid; while on either side a vast number of shells, barrels of powder, faggots soaked in oil, and other missiles and combustibles were piled, in readiness for hurling down on the assailants; while the soldiers behind the defences had been supplied with four muskets each.
never did british soldiers fight with such dogged bravery as was here evinced. again and again they dashed up the breach, the centre of a volcano of fire; shells burst among them, cannon poured volleys of grape through their ranks, the french plied them with musketry, fireballs lit up the scene as if by day, mines exploded under their feet; yet again and again, they reached the terrible breastwork. but all efforts to climb it were fruitless. numbers of those in front were pressed to death against the sabres, by the eager efforts of those behind to get up and, for hours, the assault continued. at last, seeing the impossibility of success, and scorning to retreat, the men gathered at the foot of the breach, and there endured, sternly and silently, the murderous fire that was maintained by the enemy.
picton, however, had gained possession of the castle. walker, with his command, had captured the bastion of san vincenti; and part of his command fought their way along the battlement towards the breaches, while another marched through the town. finding that the town had been entered at several points, the defenders of the breach gave way, and the soldiers poured into the town.
here even more hideous scenes of murder and rapine were perpetrated than at ciudad rodrigo, and went on for two days and nights, absolutely unchecked. it has never been satisfactorily explained why, after the events in the former town, no precautions were taken, by the general commanding, to prevent the recurrence of scenes that brought disgrace on the british army, and for which he cannot be held blameless. five thousand men and officers were killed or wounded in the siege; of these, three thousand five hundred fell in the assault.
the next three months passed without any action of importance. the discipline of the army had, as might have been expected, deteriorated greatly as a consequence of the unbridled license permitted to the soldiers after the capture of the two fortresses, and the absence of any punishment, whatever, for the excesses there committed. lord wellington complained bitterly, in his letters home, of the insubordination of the troops; of the outrages committed upon the peasantry, especially by detached parties; and of the general disobedience of orders. but he who had permitted the license and excesses to be carried on, unchecked and unpunished, cannot but be considered largely responsible for the natural consequences of such laxity.
in may, heavy rains prevented any movement on either side; except that the town of almaraz, a most important position at the bridge across the tagus, permitting soult and marmont to join hands, was captured by surprise by general hill; the works, which had been considered almost impregnable, being carried by assault in the course of an hour. this was one of the most brilliant exploits of the war.
wellington had moved north, and was again on the aqueda and, on the 13th of june, rain having ceased, he crossed the river and, on the 16th, arrived within six miles of salamanca, and drove a french division across the tormes. on the 17th the river was crossed, both above and below the town, and the forts defending it were at once invested. marmont had, that day, retired with two divisions of infantry and some cavalry; and was followed immediately by a strong british division.
the minho regiment had been one of the first to take post on the aqueda, after wellington's arrival on the coa; and moved forward in advance of the army, which was composed of 24,000 british troops, with a spanish division and several portuguese regiments.
as soon as marmont had retired, salamanca went wild with joy; although the circle of forts still prevented the british from entering. the chief of these was san vincenti, which stood on a perpendicular cliff, overhanging the tormes. it was flanked by two other strong forts; from which, however, it was divided by a ravine. the battering train brought with the army was altogether inadequate--only four eighteen-pounders and three twenty-four-pound howitzers were available--and the forts were far stronger than wellington had been led to expect.
a few guns had been sent forward by general hill and, on the 18th, seven pieces opened fire on san vincenti. the next day some more howitzers arrived, and a breach was made in the wall of the convent; but the ammunition was exhausted, and the fire ceased until more could be brought up.
that day, however, marmont, with a force of 20,000 men, was seen advancing to the relief of the forts. the british army at once withdrew from the neighbourhood of the convent, and took up its position, in order of battle, on the heights of san christoval.
on the 21st, three divisions of infantry and a brigade of cavalry joined marmont, raising his force to 40,000 men. the french, the next night, sent a portion of their force across the tormes and, when daylight broke, the german cavalry, which had been placed to guard the ford, was seen retiring before 12,000 french infantry, with twenty guns. graham was also sent across the tormes with his division, which was of about the same strength as the french force and, as the light division was also following, the french retired, recrossed the ford, and rejoined the main body of their army.
the next night the batteries again opened fire on san vincenti and, on the 27th, the fort and convent were in a blaze. one of the other forts was breached, and both surrendered, just as the storming parties were advancing to the assault; and marmont retreated the same night across the douro, by the roads to tordesillas and toro.
as soon as it was possible to enter salamanca, terence rode down into the town, accompanied by ryan. the forts had not yet surrendered, but their hands were so full that they had no time to devote to annoying small parties of british officers passing into the town. terence had noted down the address that nita had given him, and at once rode there; after having, with some difficulty, discovered the lane in which the house was situated. an old man came to the door. terence dismounted.
"what can i do for you, senor?"
"i wanted to ask you if your niece, nita, is still staying with you?"
the man looked greatly surprised at the question.
"she has done no harm, i hope?" he asked.
"not at all, but i wish to speak to her. is she married yet to garcia, the muleteer?"
the old man looked still more surprised.
"no, senor. garcia is away, he is no longer a muleteer."
"well, you have not answered me if your niece is here."
"she is here, senor, but she is not in the house at this moment. she returned here from her father's, last autumn. the country was so disturbed that it was not right that young women should remain in the villages."
"will you tell her that a british officer will call to see her, in half an hour, and beg her to remain in until i come?"
"i will tell her, senor."
terence went at once to a silversmith's, and bought the handsomest set of silver jewelry, such as the peasants wore, that he had in his shop; including bracelets, necklaces, large filigree hairpin and earrings, and various other ornaments.
