“the word ‘umrah,’ denotes a pilgrimage performed at any time except the pilgrim season (the 8th, 9th, and 10th of zu’l hijjah).
“the arkan or pillars upon which the umrah rite rests, are five in number, viz.:—
“1. al-ihram.
“2. al-tawaf.
“3. al-sai (between safa and marwah).
“4. al-halk (tonsure), or al-taksir (cutting the hair).
“5. al-tartib, or the due order of ceremonies, as above enumerated.43
“the wajibat, or requisites of umrah, are but two in number:—
“1. al-ihram, or assuming the pilgrim garb, from the mikat, or fixed limit; and
“2. the avoiding of all things forbidden to the pilgrim when in state of ihram.
“in the sunnat and mustahabb portions of the ceremony there is no difference between umrah and hajj.”
