“cleanliness is indeed next to godliness,” is an oft-quoted saying of john wesley. bacon stated the maxim thus: “cleanness of body was ever deemed to proceed from a due reverence to god.” the hebrew fathers, from whom this sanitary principle was derived, resolved the doctrines of religion into “carefulness; carefulness into vigorousness; vigorousness into guiltlessness; guiltlessness into abstemiousness; abstemiousness into cleanliness; cleanliness into godliness.”

this religious creed was doubtless based on the mosaic sanitary code, and was the preventive measure against pestilences which the cleanliness next

to godliness great jewish law-giver approved. how generally and how long the “chosen people” adopted and practised this method of protection against epidemic diseases does not appear, but it is quite certain that in later days it had been discarded.

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the hebrew fathers could have had no conception of the invisible agencies in filth that made uncleanness such a powerful factor in the propogation of epidemic pestilences and domestic contagious and infectious diseases. it was reserved for the scientists invisible agencies

in filth of the recent past to discover the exact nature of the infective germs of communicable diseases, their origin, their development, their modes of infection; in other words, their life history.

this discovery revealed the fact that filth in every form, whether in the rubbish-heap, the toilet, the garbage, the dust of the floor, or even in the folds of the hands and feet, the secretions of the skin and glands, is a culture bed for germ-producing diseases. the secret of the great power of cleanness as the true remedial measure for the prevention of pestilences is now apparent and every citizen must recognize that the obligation of applying that remedy rests with himself.

the great awakening, in the middle of the last century, of the people of england, and subsequently, of this country, to the intimate relations of filth, in all forms in and around their dwellings, to the prevalence and fatality of cholera, typhus fever, and other communicable diseases, has restored cleanliness to its ancient imperial position as chief of the virtues, and211 the most reliable private and public means of conserving health.

this awakening, due both in england and america to trivial incidents, forms one of the most interesting chapters in human history. already the outcome has been an enormous reduction of the mortality of english-speaking peoples, an immense a higher

civilization increase in the length of life, and an advance in the arts of living, which insures a higher civilization by securing to every citizen a sound mind in a sound body.