one of the special objects of my search during a certain june among the hills of northern new york was a nest of the golden-winged woodpecker; not that it is rare or hard to find, but because i had never seen one and had read attractive stories of the bird's domestic relations, the large number of young in the nest, and his devotion and pride. moreover, i had become greatly interested in the whole family, through my attachment to an individual member of it in my own house.
i soon discovered that the orchard at the back of the house was visited every day by a pair of the birds i was seeking. one was seen running up and down a trunk of a large poplar-tree, and the next morning two alighted on a dead branch at the top of an apple-tree, perching like other birds on twigs, which seemed too light to bear their weight. but they were apparently satisfied with them; for they stayed[pg 116] some time, pluming themselves and evidently looking with interest and astonishment at human intruders into what had no doubt been a favorite haunt of their own. i watched them for several minutes, till a sudden noise startled the shy creatures and they were off in an instant.
after that i saw them often at the bottom of the orchard. they always flew over the place with rather a heavy business-like flight, alighted on a low branch of the farthest apple-tree, and in a moment dropped to the ground where the long grass hid them. there they remained five minutes or more before returning to the tree. unfortunately it was a little farther than i could readily see with my glass, and the most cautious approach alarmed them. i heard them call nearly every day in loud, strong voice, "pe-auk! pe-auk!"
being thus baffled in my plan of following them home, i resolved upon a regular search in the small piece of woods where they always disappeared, and every morning i spent two or three hours in that lovely spot looking for any birds, but especially for the golden-wing. in all my search, however, i found but one nest, which may have been his, where apparently a tragedy had occurred; for from the edge of the opening the bark was torn off down the trunk, and in two or three places holes were picked[pg 117] as though to reach the nest which had been within.
whatever the drama enacted in that mysterious home, i was too late to see, and i have not been able as yet to make close acquaintance with the free golden-wing.
the bird that had so interested me in his whole family i found in a bird store in new york in the month of november. he was a most disconsolate-looking object, and so painfully wild i could scarcely bear to look at him—poor, shy, frightened soul, set up in a cage to be stared at. i rescued him at once with the intention of giving him a more retired home, and freedom the moment spring opened. the change did not at first reassure him, and he was so frantic that his cage was covered to shut out the sights till he was accustomed to the sounds of a household. gradually, an inch or two at a time, the cover that hid the world from him was reduced, till at the end of three weeks he could endure the removal of the last corner without going absolutely mad.
on the first day an opening a few inches wide was left in his screen, so that he might look out if he chose, and i took my seat as far as possible from him, with my back to him, and a hand-glass so arranged that i could see him. as soon as the room was quiet he went to the[pg 118] opening and cautiously thrust his long bill and his head as far as the eye beyond the edge so that he could see me. i kept perfectly still, while he watched me several minutes with evident interest, and i was glad to see that it was simply fright and not idiocy that caused his panics.
many emotions of the bird were most comically expressed by hammering. in embarrassment or alarm, when not so great as to drive him wild, he resorted to that diversion, and the more disturbed, the louder and faster his blows. if in utter despair, as when i set his house in order for the day, he dropped to the floor on the farthest side, put his head in the corner, and pounded the tray with great violence. every wire in the cage in turn he tested with taps of his beak, thus amusing himself hours at a time, sitting, as was his custom, crouched upon the perch or on the floor. in this way, too, he tried the quality of the plastered wall behind his cage, and was evidently pleased to find it yielding, for he bored many holes and tore off much paper, before he was discovered and provided with a background of wood to exercise upon.
the unhappy bird had a serious time learning to eat mocking-bird food with his long, curved beak; he never became very expert at it,[pg 119] but was as awkward as a child learning to feed itself. he first thrust it like a dagger its whole length into his dish, took out a mouthful, then turned his head sidewise, shook it and snapped his bill one side and the other, making a noise as if choking. when this performance was over, he scraped his beak against the wires and picked off the fragments daintily with the tip. when he had eaten he left a straight, smooth hole in the food, like a stab, two inches deep and perhaps half an inch in diameter. in drinking he made the same movements, filling his mouth, throwing back his head, and swallowing with great efforts.
all of the golden-wing's attitudes were peculiar; as, for instance, he never liked to face one, but always turned his back upon spectators and looked at them over his shoulder. in sleeping he changed his position often, and was as restless as a nervous old man. sometimes he slept on the perch, puffed out into a ball like other birds, head buried in his feathers, tail broad-spread and curled under the perch, as though it needed something to rest against. if he began his night's rest (or unrest) in this position, in a few hours he would drop heavily to the floor, scramble about a little, and then climb to one of the supports that kept the wires in place, ten inches from the bottom of the[pg 120] cage. there he settled himself comfortably, head buried again, tail pressed against the wires, and looking more like a spot on the wall than a bird.
he often took naps in the daytime on the floor with his head in the corner, like a bad boy in punishment, his head drawn down into his shoulders and his bill thrust up into the air at an angle of forty-five degrees. if this tired him, he simply turned his bill down at about the same angle, and tried it that way awhile.
he was an exceedingly early bird, always settled to sleep long before any other in the room, and he slept very soundly, being not easily wakened and breathing in long, steady respirations like a person in sleep. indeed he startled me very much the first time i noticed him. the breathing was regular and strong, equal in duration to my own as i listened, and i was sure some one was in the room. i hastened to light the gas to look for the burglar, and it was not until i had made thorough search that i discovered who was the guilty one. he dreamed also, if one may judge by the sounds that came from his cage at night, complaining, whining, almost barking like the "yaps" of a young puppy, and many sorts of indescribable noises.
the golden-wing was extremely fond of[pg 121] hanging against the side of his cage on the support spoken of above. not only did he sleep in that position, but dress his plumage, turning his head back over his body and sides, and even arranging the feathers of his breast, each one by itself, with scrupulous care. like many others this bird objected to having his cage used as a perch by his neighbors. he expressed his sentiments by quick jerks, first of the shoulders and then of the whole body, and if the intruder did not take the hint, he opened his enormous bill and took hold of a stray toe, which usually drove away the most impertinent.
the door of the cage was opened to my captive as soon as he became quiet and happy within it. after his first surprise and dismay at finding himself in the big world again, he enjoyed it very much. being unable to fly through the loss of some wing feathers, his cage was placed on the floor, and he ran in and out at pleasure. he was more than usually intelligent about it, too; for although the door was small, and he had to lower his head to pass through, he was never at a loss for an instant.
one thing that shows a bird's characteristics and that i have never seen any two do in exactly the same way, is to explore a room when first released from a cage. this bird, like his[pg 122] predecessors, had his own peculiar notion, which was to go behind everything. he squeezed himself between a trunk, or a heavy piece of furniture, and the wall, where it did not seem possible that one of his size could pass, and showed so great an inclination to go through a hole in the open-work fire-board that i hastily covered it up. after a while he tested the matting and carefully investigated, by light taps of his bill, each separate nail. his step was heavy, and he did not hop, but ran around with a droll little patter of the feet, like a child's footsteps.
having exhausted the novelty of the floor, he turned his eyes upward, perhaps noticing that the other birds were higher in the room, where they had taken refuge when he made his sudden and somewhat alarming appearance among them. he did not try to fly, but he was not without resources; he could jump, and no one could outdo him in climbing, or in holding on. after a moment's apparent consideration of the means at his command, he ran to the corner and mounted a trunk by springing up halfway, holding on a moment in some mysterious manner, and then by a second jump landing on top. from that point it was easy to reach the bird's table, and there was a ladder placed for the benefit of another that could not fly. this ladder[pg 123] he at once pounced upon, and used as if he had practiced on one all his life.
i shut the cage-door at the upper end to keep him out of his neighbor's house, while the owner, an american wood-thrush, stood upon the roof, looking ruefully at this appropriation of his private property. upon reaching the closed door the traveler jumped across to another cage nearly a foot away. this was a small affair occupied by an english goldfinch, who was then at home and not pleased by the call, as he at once made known. golden-wing, however, perhaps with the idea of returning past insults from the saucy little finch, jerked himself all around the cage, inserting his long bill as though trying to reach something inside.
having wearied of annoying the enemy, he sprang back to the ladder, descended by the table and trunk to the floor as he had gone up, without a moment's hesitation as to the way, which proved him to possess unusual intelligence. he did not take the trouble to climb down, but put his two feet together and jumped heavily like a child, a very odd movement for a bird. it was his constant habit in the cage to jump from the perch to the floor, and from one that was two inches above the tray he often stepped down backwards, which i never before saw a bird do.[pg 124]
when after three hours of exploration he returned to his home, the door was closed and the cage hung up. he was satisfied with his first outing, and refreshed himself with a nap at once. but the first thing the next morning he came down to his door and pecked the wires, looking over at me most intelligently, plainly asking to have it opened. he never mistook the position of the door, and if knocking had not the desired effect, he took hold of a wire and shook and rattled it till he was attended to.
it was interesting to see how familiar he suddenly became, when no effort had been made to induce him to be so. i never had so much trouble to win the confidence of a bird, but when won, the surrender was complete. he came up to me freely and allowed me to catch him in my hand without resistance, which is very uncommon. (perhaps i ought to say that i do not try to tame my birds.) he displayed a child-like, confiding disposition, both in his unreasoning terror at first, and his unquestioning faith at last.
these investigations were conducted without a sound, for the bird was entirely silent while awake. but there came a day when he made a curious exhibition of his ability. it was the ninth of february, and the goldfinch was calling, as he often did. the woodpecker sat on[pg 125] his perch with wings held tightly against his sides, "humped" up as though he were high-shouldered. the plumage of his breast was puffed out so broadly that it came over the wings, and in a front view completely hid them, while the feathers of his shoulders were erected till he resembled a lady with a fur shoulder cape. withal, his head was drawn down to his body, and his beak pointed upward at an angle of forty-five degrees. in this peculiar and absurd position he began a strange little song, ludicrously weak and low for a bird of his size. the tones were delivered in a sharp staccato style, like "picking" the strings of a violin very softly, several notes uttered with queer sidewise jerks of the head, and eyes apparently fixed on the goldfinch. after a phrase or two he scraped his bill violently and then began again.
this performance he varied by bowing his head many times, swaying his whole body from side to side, flirting his tail and shaking his wings. it was an extraordinary display, but whether his manner of making himself agreeable, or of expressing contempt, i could only guess. the goldfinch looked on with interest, though i think he understood it no better than i did; he seemed surprised, but rather pleased, for he repeated his calls, and the golden-wing kept up the strange exhibition for some time.[pg 126]
i became greatly attached to my beautiful bird, which appeared, in the presence of his wise and wary room-mates, cat-birds and thrushes, like a big, clumsy, but affectionate baby. it was solely on his account and principally, i must confess, to try and surprise a wild bird at the above described entertainment so as to determine its character, that i wished to make acquaintance with its free relations, study their ways when at liberty in their own haunts, and have a glimpse if possible of the golden-wing babies.
a year later i had the opportunity i so much desired of making acquaintance with the young of this family. i was sitting one morning on the edge of a deep ravine filled with trees, deeply engaged in the study of another bird, when suddenly a stranger came with an awkward flop against the trunk of a tree not ten feet from me. i saw in an instant that it was the infant i had looked for so long. he was exactly like the parents, with a somewhat shorter tail. i should hardly have suspected his youthfulness but for his clumsy movements, and the fact that he did not at once take flight, which a golden-wing more experienced in the ways of human-kind would have done instantly. he seemed somewhat exhausted by his flight, and clung to the trunk, with soft dark eyes fixed upon me, ready to move if i did.[pg 127]
i did not; i sat motionless for half an hour and watched him. when somewhat rested he dodged around the other side of the trunk, and peeped at me through a fork in the branches. then he scrambled upon a small branch, where he perched crosswise. but he had trouble to keep his balance in that position, so he climbed about till he found a limb fully two inches in diameter, on which he could rest in the favorite flicker attitude—lengthwise. then with his head outward to the world at large, and his tail turned indifferently toward me,—whom he doubtless regarded as a permanent and lifeless feature of the landscape,—he settled himself, crouched flat against the bark, for a comfortable nap.
all this time i had been conscious of low golden-wing talk about me; the familiar "wick-up! wick-up!" almost in a whisper, a softened "pe-auk!" from the ravine, and the more distant "laugh," so called. the infant on the tree heard too. he moved his head, listened and looked, but whether or not they were words of caution and advice from the wiser ones of his race, he refused to be frightened and did not move till i rose to leave him, when, greatly startled, he took flight across the ravine.
