this story was narrated by remedios mendoza of manila, but the story itself comes from the tagalog province of bulakan.
(narrator’s note.—this story was told to me by a student. he said that he first heard it in one of the informal gatherings which are very common in bocawe, bulakan, during the hot season. the young men often assemble at a little shop kept by a young woman, [339]and there the story-teller of the barrio tells stories. this story of juan was told at one of these gatherings by an old man about fifty years old.)
juan is twenty years old. at this age he begins to become famous in his little barrio. he is short in stature. his eyes are neither bright nor dull: they are very black, and slowly roll in their sockets. his mouth is narrow. he has a double chin, and a short flat nose. his forehead is broad, and his lips are thick. his hair is black and straight. his body is round like a pumpkin, and his legs are short. he seems to be always tired. in spite of all these physical peculiarities, however, he is invited to every bayluhan and katapusan,1 because he is sure to bring with him laughter and merriment.
juan lives in a poor barrio, which consists of a few poor nipa huts. it has a small chapel of stone, with a turret and bells. in the courtyard in front of the chapel is erected a cross. a few nipa cottages are scattered along the lonely streets of the barrio. there is a rivulet just outside the village. its course is hidden and lost in a thick forest which extends to the foot of a mountain.
at the time the story opens juan is eating his breakfast with his mother. she is an old widow, whose sole ambition is to establish juan in a good social position. she is constantly advising her son, when there is any occasion to preach, to be on the lookout for a virtuous wife. she tells him that, since she is an old and experienced woman, he must follow her advice. her advice is that a good wife is always quiet and tongue-tied, and does not go noisily about the house. as juan is an obedient son, he soon determines to get him a good wife. after a short time juan comes home to his mother, and says to her, “mother, i have found the girl you will like,—the one who shall be my wife. she is speechless and motionless. her eyes are staring in just one place. though i have watched her closely for about twelve hours, i have not observed the slightest motion in her lips and eyelids. she remained quiet in her bed, although there were many noisy people in the house.”
“and is that all?” says his mother.
“no, mother,” says juan, “her hands were very cold. she was deaf, and she did not answer me. this fact makes her all [340]the lovelier, and i am sure you will like her. there is only one thing you did not tell me, however.”
“i think,” says the mother, “that i advised you well.”
“yes, i think so too,” says juan. “the girl had a stinking waxy-like odor.”
“o juan!” exclaims his mother, “i already suspected from your long description that you followed my instructions too literally. the girl you found is a dead one. now, remember: those who stink are dead.”
“thanks, mother,” says juan quietly, “i will never forget that.”
a few days later, when juan and his mother are eating their breakfast, juan smells a stinking odor. he looks around the little room. as he does not see any one else there, he thinks that his mother is dead. then, when his mother is taking her siesta, juan says to himself, “surely mother is dead.” he goes out quietly and digs a grave for her. then he buries her in it, and mourns for her nine days. now juan is alone in the world.
one morning, when juan is eating his breakfast by himself, he smells again a stinking odor. he looks around, and, as he does not see any one, he thinks that he himself is dead. there is nobody to bury him. so he goes to the river, takes five or six banana-trunks, and makes a raft of them. he lies down on the raft, and lets the current of the river carry him away. in three hours the current has carried him into the woods. while he is floating through the forest, all of a sudden he is called in a fierce voice by some one on shore. this man was the captain of a band of robbers. juan does not stir in his place. the second shout is accompanied by a terrible oath. juan opens his eyes. he sadly looks at the robbers, and tells them that he is a dead man. the robbers laugh; but when juan insists on remaining on the river, the captain frightens juan, and says that he will shoot if he does not get up. as juan does not care for the taste of bullets, he goes to the bank of the river, still thinking that he is a walking dead body.
juan goes with the robbers into the woods. their house is in a deserted spot. the captain appoints juan their housekeeper. he tells him to cook rice, but orders him to keep very still and quiet, for they may be caught by the spanish soldiers (cazadores). then the robbers go out on an expedition, and juan is left alone in the house. he shuts the windows, and everything is quiet [341]and undisturbed. he even tries to control his breathing for fear of the noise it may make. he cautiously takes an earthen pot and puts rice and water into it. then he places the pot on the fire, and sits down near it. everything is silent. but suddenly a murmuring sound seems to come from the pot. (the water is beginning to boil.) soon the sound seems to be very loud. juan thinks that the pot is saying, “buluk ka.” this expression means, “you are decayed.” so juan gets very angry. he whispers to the pot to stop; but the pot does not seem to hear him, for the murmuring sound becomes louder and louder. at last juan is so exasperated, that he takes a piece of bamboo-bellows (ihip) and gives the pot a fatal blow. this puts an end to the pot, the rice, and the flames.
at noon the hungry robbers come home. they find juan almost breathless in the darkest corner of the house, the pot broken, and the rice scattered over the floor. they ask juan what is the matter. juan says that the naughty pot was making too much noise, and was mocking him; and, as the captain bade him be careful about making a noise, he struck the pot and broke it into pieces. the captain cannot help smiling at juan’s foolishness, and he tells juan to prepare a lunch with anything he can find in the house.
the next day comes, and all the food is eaten. the captain gives juan some money, and tells him to go to the market to buy some earthen pots and some crabs. when juan reaches the barrio, he buys all the crabs he can find, and about two dozen large earthen pots. he next finds out that the pots are too bulky for him to carry, although they are not heavy. at last he thinks of a good way to carry them. he has the pots carried to one corner of the market, where he buys a long piece of rattan. he sharpens one end of the rattan and passes it through the bottoms of all the pots, so that they are now very easy to be carried. he slings them over his shoulder, and starts for home with the pots and the crabs. soon he comes to a large, wide river with a very strong current. he sits down on the bank and wonders what is to be done. he remembers that crabs are good swimmers, so he decides to untie them and let them swim to the other side of the river. as he unties the crabs, he says, “now, crabs, we have to cross this broad river. i know that you are good swimmers. i am a slow swimmer myself, and especially with these pots to carry. please swim [342]to the other side of the river as quickly as you can, for i cannot carry you. if you reach the other side before i do, you may go straight home, or wait for me.” with this warning, he releases the crabs one by one so that they may go in a straight line. he is very glad to see them swim so fast. then with the help of a piece of bamboo, and after a long struggle, he himself reaches the opposite shore. he looks around for the crabs; but, seeing none, he says to himself, “perhaps they have become tired of waiting for me and have gone straight home, as i ordered them to do. what a surprise for the captain!” juan is very glad at the decision of the crabs, and he sets out for the robbers’ house, always hoping to overtake the rear of the long procession of crabs. he soon reaches home. he asks the robbers if the crabs have arrived. when juan finds out that not one of the naughty crabs obeyed him, he blames himself for his quiet nature, and swears that he will never trust a crab again. the captain asks him about the pots. juan tells him that they are all safe, and that the captain must thank him for his wit in solving the problem of how to carry two dozen large pots at the same time. all the robbers are eager to see what juan’s scheme was. when they find out what juan has done, and see the holes in the bottom of all the pots, they cannot help laughing. the captain, however, addresses juan with all the epithets found in a common slang dictionary. the captain now decides never to let juan stay in the house alone, and from that time on takes him with them on their expeditions.
several days later the captain calls juan one night, and tells him to get ready, for they are going to rob a certain house. they go through the forest, and soon come to a clearing, in the middle of which stands a large nipa house. while they are still in the thicket, the captain calls juan to him, and says, “juan, go into the silong2 of the house, and see if the people are awake. now, remember, if you feel something hot, it is a man; but if it is cold, it is a bolo. do you understand?” juan answers, “yes,” and obediently goes to the house, repeating to himself the orders of the captain. he cautiously goes under the house, and looks around. after a while something hot falls on his back. he quickly runs away, and begins to cry, “tao, [343]tao!” (“man, man!”) all the robbers get frightened, so they run away too. after a few minutes they come together. seeing that they are not pursued, the captain calls juan, and says to him, “juan, why did you fool us? nobody is pursuing us.”
“well,” says juan, “i followed your orders. you said that if i felt something hot, it was a man; but if cold, it was a bolo. i went into the silong. i looked up. there was a faint light, and i saw a large mat outlined on the floor. as i was looking at it, a hot thing fell on my back. then i ran away to warn you.”
“let us see,” says the captain impatiently, “what tao that is which has fallen on your back.” one of the robbers lights a match. the robbers examine juan’s back, and they see only a little lizard clinging to his worn-out camisa (loose, thin cotton coat).3 some of the robbers get angry, and some laugh at juan’s foolishness. the captain tells juan that he may go away, for he is not worth anything. he also tells juan not to tell anybody that he has been with them, for, if he does, they will kill him.
juan leaves the band of robbers, and decides to live up in a tree, because he is all alone, he says. he takes a low bamboo table and goes up into a very large mango-tree. he chooses a well-hidden place, and there he ties his table firmly to the branches. he spends the day in the neighboring towns looking for food, but at night he comes back to the tree and sleeps there.
early one morning juan wakes up and hears faint whispers. he looks down, and sees two men talking very earnestly together. one is carrying a bag of money. juan loosens his table and lets it fall on the men. it makes a loud crash, and they run away. juan quickly climbs down the tree and makes off with the bag of money. he now decides to live in town. after he has found a barrio that suits him, he buys a house, a carabao, and a cart. he lives peacefully in his new house. sometimes he works; but he spends most of his time sleeping, for he is a very lazy fellow.
one morning the capitan of the town sends a town crier around to announce an order to the people. the town crier says, “the capitan orders you all to sprinkle with water the [344]street in front of your houses.” juan takes a small cocoanut-shell full of water, and goes out and sprinkles the street. in the afternoon the capitan of the town goes about the streets to see if the people have obeyed his orders. he sees that everybody has obeyed him except juan. he goes to juan’s house, and asks him why he has not sprinkled the street; and juan tells him what he has done. the capitan then tells him that he must use much water. as soon as the capitan has left, juan begins to pour buckets of water on the street. but when the water all flows away, juan thinks that his irrigation is not good enough: so he takes his cart and carabao, and with their help he digs a large ditch. all night long juan works filling the ditch with water. the next morning, when the capitan sees the ditch, he becomes very angry, and summons juan. juan excuses himself by saying that the laws of the town are not stated clearly. so the capitan has to let juan go.
when sunday comes, juan goes to church. in the pulpit the priest tells the people to put a little cross on their street doors. when juan goes home, he takes a piece of tinting (the rib of a cocoanut-leaf) and makes a little cross about two inches high. when the priest makes his rounds, he does not see the cross, for it is so small. he asks juan where his cross is. juan shows him; and the priest tells him to make a large one, for it is too small, and the evil spirits will not be able to see it. juan takes his bolo and cuts two long pieces of bamboo. this time his cross is so large, that the priest cannot see it, either. the priest becomes so angry at juan’s stupidity, that he expels him from the town. juan good-naturedly goes away. he sells his house, and with his cart and carabao he moves on to another town.
he settles in a barrio where the soil is red. here he lives several weeks, but he is always longing to go back to his old home. he finally says to himself that he is going there in spite of the anger of the priest. he fills his cart with red earth, and hitches his carabao to it. he sits in the middle of his cart, and slowly drives to the town where he had lived before. as he is driving down the main street in the afternoon, whom should he meet but the priest himself! the priest cries, “juan, so you are here again! didn’t i tell you that you must never tread the soil of this town again? if you do not go away, i shall tell the capitan to imprison you.”
[345]“dear priest,” says juan humbly, “before you accuse me, use your eyes. i am not treading on your soil. this earth which i have in my cart is my own.” the priest looks in the cart. by this time there are many people around them, and they too look in the cart. they laugh at juan’s wit. the priest wants to laugh too; but he controls himself, for he is afraid that the people will not respect him any more if he laughs. so he angrily threatens juan, and tells him to leave the town instantly. poor juan has nothing to do but go.
he sells his carabao and cart, and spends the money foolishly in the neighboring villages. soon juan is reduced to poverty again, so he decides to go back to his native town. there he finds everything changed: the houses are better, and the little chapel is prettier. he looks for relatives or friends, but he finds only his old grandmother, who lives by herself in the field. he goes to her and tells her the history of his family. the old woman recognizes him at last, and asks him if he is not the juan who buried his mother. juan answers, “yes,” but excuses himself by saying that he only obediently followed his mother’s advice.
juan now stays with his grandmother. her hut, which is very small, is surrounded by a small garden of vegetables. juan does nothing but eat and sleep. he soon develops the bad habit of throwing things out of the window. his grandmother tells him that he must throw them far away. one morning the old woman does not find juan, and he does not appear until midnight. she asks him where he has been, and he tells her that he went to the other side of the mountain to throw away a banana-skin which was left on his plate. she tells him that he does not need to go so far, that he can throw the banana-skins behind the fence.
one day early in the morning the old woman leaves juan in charge of the house, for she is going to town. she tells him to cook two small measures (chupas) of rice for her, for perhaps she will be very hungry when she gets home. then she goes away quite happy, thinking that juan understands her. as soon as she leaves, juan thinks it is time to begin to cook. he is surprised to find only one measure in the earthen jar. he looks for the other one everywhere; but, as he cannot find it, he thinks his grandmother was mistaken when she told him to cook two measures of rice. so he takes his bolo, goes outside, [346]cuts a piece of bamboo, and makes a wooden measure just like the other one. this takes him a long time; but when he has finished, he fills the two measures with dry rice, and puts them in the fire. while the measures are burning, the grandmother arrives. she calls juan, and asks him if the rice is ready, for she is very hungry. juan tells her that it is quite ready. the old woman sees that it is very bright in the house, and she fears that it is on fire. juan says that it is the two measures burning. when the old woman sees what juan has done, she becomes angry. however, she controls herself, and teaches juan how to cook rice. under the supervision of the old woman, juan takes an earthen pot, cleans it, and puts rice into it. then he puts water into the pot, and finally puts the pot on the fire. the old woman goes to rest, telling him to watch the rice. after a while she calls to juan, and says,
“did you cover the pot [tinungtungan mo na ang paliok]?”4
“no, i did not,” says juan.
“cover the pot, then [tungtungan mo]!” she cries.
“that is impossible,” says juan.
“why impossible?” cries the old woman. “the rice will have a smoky taste if you don’t.”
“all right,” says juan, getting up. he goes to the fireplace and thinks for a little while. then he jumps up to the rafters of the ceiling, which are but two feet above his head. he goes just above the pot, adjusts his feet very well, and then lets himself fall. the pot is broken to pieces. the old woman wakes up at the noise of the crash, and says, “what is that, juan? is the rice cooked?”
“why do you ask me that?” says juan impatiently. “you told me to step on the pot, and now you ask me if the rice is cooked!”
she goes out to the kitchen; and when she sees her broken pot, the old woman becomes truly angry. she drives juan from the house, telling him that he cannot live with her any more because he is too troublesome.
juan now goes off, and wanders from town to town. sometimes he is obliged to work in order to get anything to eat. finally he comes to a large town where the people wear shoes [347]and carry umbrellas. he becomes enchanted with the shoes and umbrellas: so he works hard, and saves enough money to buy both. but he surprises every one who sees him; for he carries his shoes dangling at his belt, and his umbrella closed under his arm. some of the more curious fellows follow after him. they see that, although it rains or the sun is very hot, juan never opens his umbrella except when he sits to rest under a tree; and also that he never puts his shoes on when he is on dry land, but only when he is crossing a river. at last they ask him why he does such foolish things. juan says, “don’t you know that there are many worms and loose branches in a tree? if, for example, a snake should fall down, well, it would hit my umbrella. as for the shoes, it is better for one to wear his shoes when he crosses a river, for there he cannot see the ground.” the people leave him alone; but some persons think he is wise, and imitate his example.
juan goes on with his travels. at last he falls in love. he serves the girl’s parents, and becomes their cook. he always keeps the best parts of the chicken for the girl and himself, and gives only the bones to the parents. they ask him why he gives them the worst parts. juan replies, “i do that because you are our supporters. the bones, compared with a house, are the foundation and framework.” the parents find juan’s reasoning so good, that they at once marry their daughter to him. after this juan is a good and sensible fellow, and does not do foolish things any more.
