“this is a strange repose, to be asleep
with eyes wide open, standing, speaking, moving,
and yet so fast asleep.”——the tempest.
the hubble-bubble proper is a smoking apparatus so contrived that the smoke, in its passage from the point of consumption to that of inhalation, shall pass through water, which performs the office of a cooler. the hubble-bubble common consists of a cocoa-nut shell, with two holes perforated in one end, at about an inch apart, through the germinating eyes of the nut. through these orifices the kernel is extracted, and a wooden or bamboo tube, about nine inches long, surmounted by a bowl, is passed in at one opening to the bottom of the shell, which is partly filled with water, and the smoke is either sucked from the other hole, or a tube is inserted into that opening also, as an improvement on the ruder practice, through which to imbibe the smoke. the hubble-bubble is used generally for smoking hemp, but in siam occasionally for opium.
smoking the hemp is indulged in, with some variations, from the course usually pursued with tobacco. in africa this mode of indulgence seems251 to be more universal than that of the indian weed. the inhabitants of ambriz seek with avidity the solace of this preparation; they, nevertheless, appear to employ it in moderation, and are not so passionately addicted to its influence as other native tribes—they therefore suffer less from those pernicious effects which result from intemperate indulgence in it. the aboriginal method of smoking this narcotic consists in fixing the clay bowl of a native pipe into the centre of a large gourd, and passing it to each individual composing the community, who in succession take several inhalations of the smoke, which is succeeded by violent paroxysms of coughing, flushed face, suffused eyes, and spasmodic gestures, with other symptoms indicative of its dominant action on the system. upon the subsidence of this excitement, the party experience all those soothing sensations of ease and comfort, with that pleasing languor stated to constitute the potent charm, that renders it in such universal request. if the inhaling process is carried beyond this stage, inebriation shortly supervenes.25
aboriginal dakka pipe of ambriz.
the hottentots and bushmen smoke the leaves of this plant, either alone or mixed with tobacco; and as they generally indulge to excess, invariably become intoxicated. when the bushmen were in252 london exhibiting themselves, they smoked the hemp, from pipes made from the tusks of animals.
the bechuanas have a curious method of smoking the dacha. two holes the size of the bowl of a tobacco-pipe are made in the ground about a foot apart; between these a small stick is placed, and clay moulded over it, the stick is then withdrawn, leaving a passage connecting the two holes, into one of which the requisite material and a light is introduced, and the smoking commenced by the members of the party, each in turn lying on his face on the ground, inhaling a deep whiff, and then drinking some water, apparently to drive the fumes downward. it is a singular circumstance, that a similar method of smoking is employed by certain of the tribes of india, as already described, on the authority of dr. forbes royle.
egoodu, or smoking horn, of the zoolus.
among the zoolus the dacha is placed at the end of a reed introduced into the side of an oxhorn, which is filled with water, and the mouth applied to the upper part of the horn. the quantity of smoke which is inhaled through so large an opening, unconfined by a mouth-piece, often affects253 the breath, and produces much coughing, notwithstanding which the natives are very fond of it; this kind of pipe is called egoodu. tobacco composed of the dried leaf of the wild hemp is in general use, and has a very stupifying effect, frequently intoxicating, on which occasions they invariably commence long and loudly to praise the king.
though some of the zoolus indulge in smoking, all, without exception, are passionately fond of snuff, which is composed of dried “dacca” leaves mixed with burnt aloes, and powdered. no greater compliment can be offered than to share the contents of a snuff calabash with your neighbour. the snuff is shovelled into the palm of the hand, with a small ivory spoon, whence it is carefully sniffed up. worse than a goth would that barbarian be who would wantonly interrupt a social party thus engaged.
the delagoans of the eastern coast, consider the smoking of the “hubble-bubble” one of the greatest luxuries of life. a long hollow reed or cane, with the lower end immersed in a horn of water, and the upper end capped with a piece of earthenware, shaped like a thimble, is held in the hand. they cover the top, with the exception of a small aperture, through which, by a peculiar action of the mouth, they draw the smoke from the pipe above by the water below; they fill the mouth, and after having kept it some time there, eject it with violence from the ears and nostrils. “i have often,” says mr. owen,254 “known them giddy, and apparently half stifled from indulging in this fascinating luxury—it produces a violent whooping and coughing, accompanied by a profuse perspiration, and great temporary debility, and yet it is considered by the natives highly strengthening, and is always resorted to by them previously to undertaking a long journey, or commencing work in the field. to the hut of an old man who was thus indulging himself, i was attracted by the loudness of the cough it had occasioned, and as i entered i observed that his feeble frame had almost fallen a victim to the violent effects of the bang or dakka he was smoking. he had thrown himself back on some faggots, and it was not until i had been some time there that he appeared at all conscious of my presence; yet, as soon as the half inebriated wretch had obtained sufficient strength, he commenced his devotions to the pipe again, and by the time i quitted the hut was reduced to the same state as that in which i had found him.”
“i have seen the opium-eaters of constantinople,” writes the times’ correspondent, “and the hashish-smokers of constantine. i recollected having a taboosh in the bazaars of smyrna from a young moslem whose palsied hand and dotard head could not count the coins i offered him. i recollect the hashish-smokers of constantine, who were to be seen and heard every afternoon at the bottom of the abyss which yawns under the adultress rock—lean, fleshless arabs—smoking their little pipes of hemp-seed, chaunting and swaying their skeleton forms to and fro, shrieking to the wild echoes of the chasm, then sinking exhausted under the huge cactus—sights and sounds of saturnalia in purgatory.”
hemp, of all narcotics, appears to be the most uncertain in its effects. it is so in the form of haschisch or alcoholic infusion, and doubtless is so also when smoked. professor schroff says of it255—“i have seen patients take from one to ten, or, in one case, even so much as thirty grains of the alcoholic extract in the course of an evening and night, sometimes within a few hours, without producing any particular symptoms, except some determination to the head; even the so much wished for sleep, on account of which the remedy was taken, was not obtained, while in other cases, one grain of the same preparation, from the same source, produced violent symptoms, bordering on poisoning—delirium, very rapid pulse, extreme restlessness, and subsequently, considerable depression. i must, therefore, repeat, that indian hemp, and all its preparations, exhibits the greatest variety in the degree and mode of action, according to the difference of individuality, both in the healthy and diseased condition, that they are, therefore, to be classed among uncertain remedies, to be used with great caution.”
in india, gunjah is used for smoking alone. about 180 grains and a little dried tobacco are rubbed together in the palm of the hand with a few drops of water. this suffices for three persons. a little tobacco is placed in the pipe first, then a layer of the prepared gunjah, then more tobacco, and the fire above all. four or five persons usually join in this debauch. the hookah is passed round, and each person takes a single draught. intoxication ensues almost instantly; from one draught to the unaccustomed, within half an hour; and after four or five inspirations to those more practised in the vice. the effects differ from those occasioned by drinking the sidhee. heaviness, laziness, and agreeable reveries ensues, but the person can be readily roused, and is able to discharge routine occupations, such as pulling the punkah, waiting at table, and divers similar employments.
young america is beginning to use the “bang,” so popular among the hindoos, though in rather a different manner, for young jonathan must in some sort be an original. it is not a “drink,” but a mixture of bruised hemp tops and256 the powder of the betel, rolled up like a quid of tobacco. it turns the lips and gums of a deep red, and if indulged in largely, produces violent intoxication. lager beer and schnaps will give way for “bang,” and red lips, instead of red noses, become the “style.”
