in the reign of king moabdar there lived at babylon a young man named zadig. he was handsome, rich, and naturally good-hearted; and at the moment when this story opens, he was travelling on foot to see the world, and to learn philosophy and wisdom. but, hitherto, he had encountered so much misery, and endured so many terrible disasters, that he had become tempted to rebel against the will of heaven, and to believe that the providence which rules the world neglects the good and lets the evil prosper. in this unhappy spirit he was one day walking on the banks of the euphrates, when he chanced to meet a venerable hermit, whose snowy beard descended to his girdle, and who carried in his hand a scroll which he was reading with attention. zadig stopped, and made him a low bow. the hermit returned the salutation with an air so kindly, and so noble, that zadig felt a curiosity to speak to him. he inquired what scroll was that which he was reading.

"it is the book of destiny," replied the hermit; "would you like to read it?"

he handed it to zadig; but the latter, though he knew a dozen languages, could not understand a word of it. his curiosity increased.

"you appear to be in trouble," said the kindly hermit.

"alas!" said zadig, "i have cause to be so."

"if you will allow me," said the hermit, "i will accompany you. perhaps i may be useful to you. i am sometimes able to console the sorrowful."

zadig felt a deep respect for the appearance, the white beard, and the mysterious scroll of the old hermit, and perceived that his conversation was that of a superior mind. the old man spoke of destiny, of justice, of morality, of the chief good of life,

[161]

of human frailty, of virtue, and of vice, with so much power and eloquence, that zadig felt himself attracted by a kind of charm, and besought the hermit not to leave him until they should return to babylon.

"i ask you the same favour," said the hermit. "promise me that, whatever i may do, you will keep me company for several days."

zadig gave the promise; and they set forth together.

that night the travellers arrived at a grand mansion. the hermit begged for food and lodging for himself and his companion. the porter, who might have been mistaken for a prince, ushered them in with a contemptuous air of welcome. the chief servant showed them the magnificent apartments; and they were then admitted to the bottom of the table, where the master of the mansion did not condescend to cast a glance at them. they were, however, served with delicacies in profusion, and, after dinner, washed their hands in a golden basin set with emeralds and rubies. they were then conducted for the night into a beautiful apartment; and the next morning, before they left the castle, a servant brought them each a piece of gold.

"the master of the house," said zadig, as they went their way, "appears to be a generous man, although a trifle haughty. he practises a noble hospitality." as he spoke he perceived that a kind of large pouch which the hermit carried appeared singularly distended; within it was the golden basin, set with precious stones, which the old man had purloined. zadig was amazed; but he said nothing.

at noon the hermit stopped before a little house, in which lived a wealthy miser, and once more asked for hospitality. an old valet in a shabby coat received them very rudely, showed them into the stable, and set before them a few rotten olives, some moldy bread, and beer which had turned sour. the hermit ate and drank with as much content as he had shown the night before; then, addressing the old valet, who had kept his eye upon them to make sure that they stole nothing, he gave him the two gold pieces which they had received that morning, and

[162]

thanked him for his kind attention. "be so good," he added, "as to let me see your master."

the astonished valet showed them in.

"most mighty signor," said the hermit, "i can only render you my humble thanks for the noble manner in which you have received us. i beseech you to accept this golden basin as a token of my gratitude."

the miser almost fell backwards with amazement. the hermit, without waiting for him to recover, set off with speed with his companion.

"holy father," said zadig, "what does all this mean? you seem to me to resemble other men in nothing. you steal a golden basin set with jewels from a signor who receives you with magnificence, and you give it to a curmudgeon who treats you with indignity."

"my son," replied the hermit, "this mighty lord, who only welcomes travellers through vanity, and to display his riches, will henceforth grow wiser, while the miser will be taught to practise hospitality. be amazed at nothing, and follow me."

zadig knew not whether he was dealing with the most foolish or the wisest of all men. but the hermit spoke with such ascendancy that zadig, who, besides, was fettered by his promise, had no choice except to follow him.

that night they came to an agreeable house, of simple aspect, and showing signs neither of prodigality nor avarice. the owner was a philosopher, who had left the world, and who studied peacefully the rules of virtue and of wisdom, and who yet was happy and contented. he had built this calm retreat to please himself, and he received the strangers in it with a frankness which displayed no sign of ostentation. he conducted them himself to a comfortable chamber, where he made them rest awhile; then he returned to lead them to a dainty little supper. during their conversation they agreed that the affairs of this world are not always regulated by the opinions of the wisest men, but the hermit still maintained that the ways of providence are wrapped in mystery, and that men do wrong to pass judgment on a universe of which they only see the smallest

[163]

part. zadig wondered how a person who committed such mad acts could reason so correctly.

at length, after a conversation as agreeable as instructive, the host conducted the two travellers to their apartment, and thanked heaven for sending him two visitors so wise and virtuous. he offered them some money, but so frankly that they could not feel offended. the old man declined, and desired to say farewell, as he intended to depart for babylon at break of day. they therefore parted on the warmest terms, and zadig, above all, was filled with kindly feelings toward so amiable a man.

when the hermit and himself were in their chamber, they spent some time in praises of their host. at break of day the old man woke his comrade.

"we must be going," he remarked. "but while every one is still asleep, i wish to leave this worthy man a pledge of my esteem." with these words he took a torch and set the house on fire.

zadig burst forth into cries of horror, and would have stopped the frightful act. but the hermit, by superior strength, drew him away. the house was in a blaze; and the old man, who was now a good way off with his companion, looked back calmly at the burning pile.

"heaven be praised!" he cried, "our kind host's house is destroyed from top to bottom."

at these words zadig knew not whether he should burst out laughing, call the reverend father an old rascal, knock him down, or run away. but he did neither. still subdued by the superior manner of the hermit, he followed him against his will to their next lodging.

this was the dwelling of a good and charitable widow, who had a nephew of fourteen, her only hope and joy. she did her best to use the travellers well; and the next morning she bade her nephew guide them safely past a certain bridge, which, having recently been broken, had become dangerous to cross over. the youth, eager to oblige them, led the way.

"come," said the hermit, when they were half across the

[164]

bridge, "i must show my gratitude toward your aunt;" and as he spoke he seized the young man by the hair and threw him into the river. the youth fell, reappeared for an instant on the surface, and then was swallowed by the torrent.

"oh, monster!" exclaimed zadig, "ah, most detestable of men—"

"you promised me more patience," interrupted the old man. "listen! beneath the ruins of that house which providence saw fit to set on fire, the owner will discover an enormous treasure; while this young man, whose existence providence cut short, would have killed his aunt within a year, and you yourself in two."

"who told you so, barbarian?" cried zadig; "and even if you read the issue in your book of destiny, who gave you power to drown a youth who never injured you?"

while he spoke, he saw that the old man had a beard no longer, and that his face had become fair and young; his hermit's frock had disappeared; four white wings covered his majestic form, and shone with dazzling lustre.

"angel of heaven," cried zadig, "you are then descended from the skies to teach an erring mortal to submit to the eternal laws."

"men," replied the angel jezrael, "judge all things without knowledge; and you, of all men, most deserved to be enlightened. the world imagines that the youth who has just perished fell by chance into the water, and that by a like chance the rich man's house was set on fire. but there is no such thing as chance; all is trial, or punishment, or foresight. feeble mortal, cease to argue and rebel against what you ought to adore!"

as he spoke these words the angel took his flight to heaven, and zadig fell upon his knees.