l'alba vinceva l'ora, mattutina.

che fuggia 'nnanzi, si che di lontano

conobbi il tremolar della marina….

purgatorio, i.

the kraffts came originally from antwerp. old jean michel had left the country as a result of a boyish freak, a violent quarrel, such as he had often had, for he was devilish pugnacious, and it had had an unfortunate ending. he settled down, almost fifty years ago, in the little town of the principality, with its red-pointed roofs and shady gardens, lying on the slope of a gentle hill, mirrored in the pale green eyes of vater rhein. an excellent musician, he had readily gained appreciation in a country of musicians. he had taken root there by marrying, forty years ago, clara sartorius, daughter of the prince's kapellmeister, whose duties he took over. clara was a placid german with two passions—cooking and music. she had for her husband a veneration only equaled by that which she had for her father, jean michel no less admired his wife. they had lived together in perfect amity for fifteen years, and they had four children. then clara died; and jean michel bemoaned her loss, and then, five months later, married ottilia schütz, a girl of twenty, with red cheeks, robust and smiling. after eight years of marriage she also died, but in that time she gave him seven children—eleven children in all, of whom only one had survived. although he loved them much, all these bereavements had not shaken his good-humor. the greatest blow had been the death of ottilia, three years ago, which had come to him at an age when it is difficult to start life again and to make a new home. but after a moment's confusion old jean michel regained his equilibrium, which no misfortune seemed able to disturb.

he was an affectionate man, but health was the strongest thing in him. he had a physical repugnance from sadness, and a need of gaiety, great gaiety, flemish fashion—an enormous and childish laugh. whatever might be his grief, he did not drink one drop the less, nor miss one bite at table, and his band never had one day off. under his direction the court orchestra won a small celebrity in the rhine country, where jean michel had become legendary by reason of his athletic stature and his outbursts of anger. he could not master them, in spite of all his efforts, for the violent man was at bottom timid and afraid of compromising himself. he loved decorum and feared opinion. but his blood ran away with him. he used to see red, and he used to be the victim of sudden fits of crazy impatience, not only at rehearsals, but at the concerts, where once in the prince's presence he had hurled his bâton and had stamped about like a man possessed, as he apostrophized one of the musicians in a furious and stuttering voice. the prince was amused, but the artists in question were rancorous against him. in vain did jean michel, ashamed of his outburst, try to pass it by immediately in exaggerated obsequiousness. on the next occasion he would break out again, and as this extreme irritability increased with age, in the end it made his position very difficult. he felt it himself, and one day, when his outbursts had all but caused the whole orchestra to strike, he sent in his resignation. he hoped that in consideration of his services they would make difficulties about accepting it, and would ask him to stay. there was nothing of the kind, and as he was too proud to go back on his offer, he left, brokenhearted, and crying out upon the ingratitude of mankind.

since that time he had not known how to fill his days. he was more than seventy, but he was still vigorous, and he went on working and going up and down the town from morning to night, giving lessons, and entering into discussions, pronouncing perorations, and entering into everything. he was ingenious, and found all sorts of ways of keeping himself occupied. he began to repair musical instruments; he invented, experimented, and sometimes discovered improvements. he composed also, and set store by his compositions. he had once written a missa solennis, of which he used often to talk, and it was the glory of his family. it had cost him so much trouble that he had all but brought about a congestion of the mind in the writing of it. he tried to persuade himself that it was a work of genius, but he knew perfectly well with what emptiness of thought it had been written, and he dared not look again at the manuscript, because every time he did so he recognized in the phrases that he had thought to be his own, rags taken from other authors, painfully pieced together haphazard. it was a great sorrow to him. he had ideas sometimes which he thought admirable. he would run tremblingly to his table. could he keep his inspiration this time? but hardly had he taken pen in hand than he found himself alone in silence, and all his efforts to call to life again the vanished voices ended only in bringing to his ears familiar melodies of mendelssohn or brahms.

"there are," says george sand, "unhappy geniuses who lack the power of expression, and carry down to their graves the unknown region of their thoughts, as has said a member of that great family of illustrious mutes or stammerers—geoffrey saint-hilaire." old jean michel belonged to that family. he was no more successful in expressing himself in music than in words, and he always deceived himself. he would so much have loved to talk, to write, to be a great musician, an eloquent orator! it was his secret sore. he told no one of it, did not admit it to himself, tried not to think of it; but he did think of it, in spite of himself, and so there was the seed of death in his soul.

poor old man! in nothing did he succeed in being absolutely himself. there were in him so many seeds of beauty and power, but they never put forth fruit; a profound and touching faith in the dignity of art and the moral value of life, but it was nearly always translated in an emphatic and ridiculous fashion; so much noble pride, and in life an almost servile admiration of his superiors; so lofty a desire for independence, and, in fact, absolute docility; pretensions to strength of mind, and every conceivable superstition; a passion for heroism, real courage, and so much timidity!—a nature to stop by the wayside.

jean michel had transferred all his ambitions to his son, and at first melchior had promised to realize them. from childhood he had shown great musical gifts. he learned with extraordinary facility, and quickly acquired as a violinist a virtuosity which for a long time made him the favorite, almost the idol, of the court concerts. he played the piano and other instruments pleasantly. he was a fine talker, well, though a little heavily, built, and was of the type which passes in germany for classic beauty; he had a large brow that expressed nothing, large regular features, and a curled beard—a jupiter of the banks of the rhine. old jean michel enjoyed his son's success; he was ecstatic over the virtuoso's tours de force, he who had never been able properly to play any instrument. in truth, melchior would have had no difficulty in expressing what he thought. the trouble was that he did not think; and he did not even bother about it. he had the soul of a mediocre comedian who takes pains with the inflexions of his voice without caring about what they express, and, with anxious vanity, watches their effect on his audience.

the odd thing was that, in spite of his constant anxiety about his stage pose, there was in him, as in jean michel, in spite of his timid respect for social conventions, a curious, irregular, unexpected and chaotic quality, which made people say that the kraffts were a bit crazy. it did not harm him at first; it seemed as though these very eccentricities were the proof of the genius attributed to him; for it is understood among people of common sense that an artist has none. but it was not long before his extravagances were traced to their source—usually the bottle. nietzsche says that bacchus is the god of music, and melchior's instinct was of the same opinion; but in his case his god was very ungrateful to him; far from giving him the ideas he lacked, he took away from him the few that he had. after his absurd marriage—absurd in the eyes of the world, and therefore also in his own—he gave himself up to it more and more. he neglected his playing—so secure in his own superiority that very soon he lost it. other virtuosi came to succeed him in public favor. that was bitter to him, but instead of rousing his energy, these rebuffs only discouraged him. he avenged himself by crying down his rivals with his pot-fellows. in his absurd conceit he counted on succeeding his father as musical director: another man was appointed. he thought himself persecuted, and took on the airs of a misunderstood genius. thanks to the esteem in which old krafft was held, he kept his place as a violin in the orchestra, but gradually he lost all his lessons in the town. and if this blow struck most at his vanity, it touched his purse even more. for several years the resources of his household had grown less and less, following on various reverses of fortune. after having known plenty, want came, and every day increased. melchior refused to take notice of it; he did not spend one penny the less on his toilet or his pleasures.

he was not a bad man, but a half-good man, which is perhaps worse—weak, without spring, without moral strength, but for the rest, in his own opinion, a good father, a good son, a good husband, a good man—and perhaps he was good, if to be so it is enough to possess an easy kindness, which is quickly touched, and that animal affection by which a man loves his kin as a part of himself. it cannot even be said that he was very egoistic; he had not personality enough for that. he was nothing. they are a terrible thing in life, these people who are nothing. like a dead weight thrown into the air, they fall, and must fall; and in their fall they drag with them everything that they have.

it was when the situation of his family had reached its most difficult point, that little jean-christophe began to understand what was going on about him.

he was no longer the only child. melchior gave his wife a child every year, without troubling to think what was to become of it later. two had died young; two others were three and four years old. melchior never bothered about them. louisa, when she had to go out, left them with jean-christophe, now six years old.

the charge cost jean-christophe something, for he had to sacrifice to his duty his splendid afternoons in the fields. but he was proud of being treated as a man, and gravely fulfilled his task. he amused the children as best he could by showing them his games, and he set himself to talk to them as he had heard his mother talking to the baby. or he would carry them in his arms, one after another, as he had seen her do; he bent under their weight, and clenched his teeth, and with all his strength clutched his little brother to his breast, so as to prevent his falling. the children always wanted to be carried—they were never tired of it; and when jean-christophe could do no more, they wept without ceasing. they made him very unhappy, and he was often troubled about them. they were very dirty, and needed maternal attentions. jean-christophe did not know what to do. they took advantage of him. sometimes he wanted to slap them, but he thought, "they are little; they do not know," and, magnanimously, he let them pinch him, and beat him, and tease him. ernest used to howl for nothing; he used to stamp his feet and roll about in a passion; he was a nervous child, and louisa had bidden jean-christophe not to oppose his whims. as for rodolphe, he was as malicious as a monkey; he always took advantage of jean-christophe having ernest in his arms, to play all sorts of silly pranks behind his back; he used to break toys, spill water, dirty his frock, and knock the plates over as he rummaged in the cupboard.

and when louisa returned, instead of praising jean-christophe, she used to say to him, without scolding him, but with an injured air, as she saw the havoc; "my poor child, you are not very clever!"

jean-christophe would be mortified, and his heart would grow big within him.

louisa, who let no opportunity escape of earning a little money, used to go out as cook for exceptional occasions, such, as marriages or baptismal feasts. melchior pretended to know nothing about it—it touched his vanity—but he was not annoyed with her for doing it, so long as he did not know. jean-christophe had as yet no idea of the difficulties of life; he knew no other limit to his will than the will of his parents, and that did not stand much in his way, for they let him do pretty much as he pleased. his one idea was to grow up, so as to be able to do as he liked. he had no conception of obstacles standing in the way at every turn, and he had never the least idea but that his parents were completely their own masters. it was a shock to his whole being when, for the first time, he perceived that among men there are those who command, and those who are commanded, and that his own people were not of the first class; it was the first crisis of his life.

it happened one afternoon. his mother had dressed him in his cleanest clothes, old clothes given to her which louisa's ingenuity and patience had turned to account. he went to find her, as they had agreed, at the house in which she was working. he was abashed at the idea of entering alone. a footman was swaggering in the porch; he stopped the boy, and asked him patronizingly what he wanted. jean-christophe blushed, and murmured that he had come to see "frau krafft"—as he had been told to say.

"frau krafft? what do you want with frau krafft?" asked the footman, ironically emphasizing the word frau, "your mother? go down there. you will find louisa in the kitchen at the end of the passage."

he went, growing redder and redder. he was ashamed to hear his mother called familiarly louisa. he was humiliated; he would have liked to run away down to his dear river, and the shelter of the brushwood where he used to tell himself stories.

in the kitchen he came upon a number of other servants, who greeted him with noisy exclamations. at the back, near the stove, his mother smiled at him with tender embarrassment. he ran to her, and clung to her skirts. she was wearing a white apron, and holding a wooden spoon. she made him more unhappy by trying to raise his chin so as to look in his face, and to make him hold out his hand to everybody there and say good-day to them. he would not; he turned to the wall and hid his face in his arms. then gradually he gained courage, and peeped out of his hiding-place with merry bright eyes, which hid again every time any one looked at him. he stole looks at the people there. his mother looked busy and important, and he did not know her like that; she went from one saucepan to another, tasting, giving advice, in a sure voice explaining recipes, and the cook of the house listened respectfully. the boy's heart swelled with pride as he saw how much his mother was appreciated, and the great part that she played in this splendid room, adorned with magnificent objects of gold and silver.

suddenly conversation ceased. the door opened. a lady entered with a rustling of the stuffs she was wearing. she cast a suspicious look about her. she was no longer young, and yet she was wearing a light dress with wide sleeves. she caught up her dress in her hand, so as not to brush against anything. it did not prevent her going to the stove and looking at the dishes, and even tasting them. when she raised her hand a little, her sleeve fell back, and her arm was bare to the elbow. jean-christophe thought this ugly and improper. how dryly and abruptly she spoke to louisa! and how humbly louisa replied! jean-christophe hated it. he hid away in his corner, so as not to be observed, but it was no use. the lady asked who the little boy might be. louisa fetched him and presented him; she held his hands to prevent his hiding his face. and, though he wanted to break away and flee, jean-christophe felt instinctively that this time he must not resist. the lady looked at the boy's scared face, and at first she gave him a kindly, motherly smile. but then she resumed her patronizing air, and asked him about his behavior, and his piety, and put questions to him, to which he did not reply. she looked to see how his clothes fitted him, and louisa eagerly declared that they were magnificent. she pulled down his waistcoat to remove the creases. jean-christophe wanted to cry, it fitted so tightly. he did not understand why his mother was giving thanks.

the lady took him by the hand and said that she would take him to her own children. jean-christophe cast a look of despair at his mother; but she smiled at the mistress so eagerly that he saw that there was nothing to hope for from her, and he followed his guide like a sheep that is led to the slaughter.

they came to a garden, where two cross-looking children, a boy and a girl, about the same age as jean-christophe, were apparently sulky with each other. jean-christophe's advent created a diversion. they came up to examine the new arrival. jean-christophe, left with the children by the lady, stood stock-still in a pathway, not daring to raise his eyes. the two others stood motionless a short distance away, and looked him up and down, nudged each other, and tittered. finally, they made up their minds. they asked him who he was, whence he came, and what his father did. jean-christophe, turned to stone, made no reply; he was terrified almost to the point of tears, especially of the little girl, who had fair hair in plaits, a short skirt, and bare legs.

they began to play. just as jean-christophe was beginning to be a little happier, the little boy stopped dead in front of him, and touching his coat, said:

"hullo! that's mine!"

jean-christophe did not understand. furious at this assertion that his coat belonged to some one else, he shook his head violently in denial.

"i know it all right," said the boy. "it's my old blue waistcoat. there's a spot on it."

and he put his finger on the spot. then, going on with his inspection, he examined jean-christophe's feet, and asked what his mended-up shoes were made of. jean-christophe grew crimson. the little girl pouted and whispered to her brother—jean-christophe heard it—that it was a little poor boy. jean-christophe resented the word. he thought he would succeed in combating the insulting opinions, as he stammered in a choking voice that he was the son of melchior krafft. and that his mother was louisa the cook. it seemed to him that this title was as good as any other, and he was right. but the two children, interested in the news, did not seem to esteem him any the more for it. on the contrary, they took on a patronizing tone. they asked him what he was going to be—a cook or a coachman. jean-christophe revolted. he felt an iciness steal into his heart.

encouraged by his silence, the two rich children, who had conceived for the little poor boy one of those cruel and unreasoning antipathies which children have, tried various amusing ways of tormenting him, the little girl especially was implacable. she observed that jean-christophe could hardly run, because his clothes were so tight, and she conceived the subtle idea of making him jump. they made an obstacle of little seats, and insisted on jean-christophe clearing it. the wretched child dared not say what it was that prevented his jumping. he gathered himself together, hurled himself through, the air, and measured his length on the ground. they roared with laughter at him. he had to try again. tears in his eyes, he made a desperate attempt, and this time succeeded in jumping. that did not satisfy his tormentors, who decided that the obstacle was not high enough, and they built it up until it became a regular break-neck affair. jean-christophe tried to rebel, and declared that he would not jump. then the little girl called him a coward, and said that he was afraid. jean-christophe could not stand that, and, knowing that he must fall, he jumped, and fell. his feet caught in the obstacle; the whole thing toppled over with him. he grazed his hands and almost broke his head, and, as a crowning misfortune, his trousers tore at the knees and elsewhere. he was sick with shame; he heard the two children dancing with delight round him; he suffered horribly. he felt that they, despised and hated him. why? why? he would gladly have died! there is no more cruel suffering than that of a child who discovers for the first time the wickedness of others; he believes then that he is persecuted by the—whole world, and there is nothing to support him; there is nothing then—nothing!… jean-christophe tried to get up; the little boy pushed him down again; the little girl kicked him. he tried again, and they both jumped on him, and sat on his back and pressed his face down into the ground. then rage seized him—it was too much. his hands were bruised, his fine coat was torn—a catastrophe for him!—shame, pain, revolt against the injustice of it, so many misfortunes all at once, plunged him in blind fury. he rose to his hands and knees, shook himself like a dog, and rolled his tormentors over; and when they returned to the assault he butted at them, head down, bowled over the little girl, and, with one blow of his fist, knocked the boy into the middle of a flower-bed.

they howled. the children ran into the house with piercing cries. doors slammed, and cries of anger were heard. the lady ran out as quickly as her long dress would let her. jean-christophe saw her coming, and made no attempt to escape. he was terrified at what he had done; it was a thing unheard of, a crime; but he regretted nothing. he waited. he was lost. so much the better! he was reduced to despair.

the lady pounced on him. he felt her beat him. he heard her talking in a furious voice, a flood of words; but he could distinguish nothing. his little enemies had come back to see his shame, and screamed shrilly. there were servants—a babel of voices. to complete his downfall, louisa, who had been summoned, appeared, and, instead of defending him, she began to scold him—she, too, without knowing anything—and bade him beg pardon. he refused angrily. she shook him, and dragged him by the hand to the lady and the children, and bade him go on his knees. but he stamped and roared, and bit his mother's hand. finally, he escaped among the servants, who laughed.

he went away, his heart beating furiously, his face burning with anger and the slaps which he had received. he tried not to think, and he hurried along because he did not want to cry in the street. he wanted to be at home, so as to be able to find the comfort of tears. he choked; the blood beat in his head; he was at bursting-point.

finally, he arrived; he ran up the old black staircase to his usual nook in the bay of a window above the river; he hurled himself into it breathlessly, and then there came a flood of tears. he did not know exactly why he was crying, but he had to cry; and when the first flood of them was done, he wept again because he wanted, with a sort of rage, to make himself suffer, as if he could in this way punish the others as well as himself. then he thought that his father must be coming home, and that his mother would tell him everything, and that his own miseries were by no means at an end. he resolved on flight, no matter whither, never to return.

just as he was going downstairs, he bumped into his father, who was coming up.

"what are you doing, boy? where are you going?" asked melchior.

he did not reply.

"you are up to some folly. what have you done?"

jean-christophe held his peace.

"what have you done?" repeated melchior. "will you answer?"

the boy began to cry and melchior to shout, vying with each other until they heard louisa hurriedly coming up the stairs. she arrived, still upset. she began with violent reproach and further chastisement, in which melchior joined as soon as he understood—and probably before—with blows that would have felled an ox. both shouted; the boy roared. they ended by angry argument. all the time that he was beating his son, melchior maintained that he was right, and that this was the sort of thing that one came by, by going out to service with people who thought they could do everything because they had money; and as she beat the child, louisa shouted that her husband was a brute, that she would never let him touch the boy, and that he had really hurt him. jean-christophe was, in fact, bleeding a little from the nose, but he hardly gave a thought to it, and he was not in the least thankful to his mother for stopping it with a wet cloth, since she went on scolding him. in the end they pushed him away in a dark closet, and shut him up without any supper.

he heard them shouting at each other, and he did not know which of them he detested most. he thought it must be his mother, for he had never expected any such wickedness from her. all the misfortunes of the day overwhelmed him: all that he had suffered—the injustice of the children, the injustice of the lady, the injustice of his parents, and—this he felt like an open wound, without quite knowing why—the degradation of his parents, of whom he was so proud, before these evil and contemptible people. such cowardice, of which for the first time he had become vaguely conscious, seemed ignoble to him. everything was upset for him—his admiration for his own people, the religious respect with which they inspired him, his confidence in life, the simple need that he had of loving others and of being loved, his moral faith, blind but absolute. it was a complete cataclysm. he was crushed by brute force, without any means of defending himself or of ever again escaping. he choked. he thought himself on the point of death. all his body stiffened in desperate revolt. he beat with fists, feet, head, against the wall, howled, was seized with convulsions, and fell to the floor, hurting himself against the furniture.

his parents, running up, took him in their arms. they vied with each other now as to who should be the more tender with him. his mother undressed him, carried him to his bed, and sat by him and remained with him until he was calmer. but he did not yield one inch. he forgave her nothing, and pretended to be asleep to get rid of her. his mother seemed to him bad and cowardly. he had no suspicion of all the suffering that she had to go through in order to live and give a living to her family, and of what she had borne in taking sides against him.

after he had exhausted to the last drop the incredible store of tears that is in the eyes of a child, he felt somewhat comforted. he was tired and worn out, but his nerves were too much on stretch for him to sleep. the visions that had been with him floated before him again in his semi-torpor. especially he saw again the little girl with her bright eyes and her turned-up, disdainful little nose, her hair hanging down to her shoulders, her bare legs and her childish, affected way of talking. he trembled, as it seemed to him that he could hear her voice. he remembered how stupid he had been with her, and he conceived a savage hatred for her. he did not pardon her for having brought him low, and was consumed with the desire to humiliate her and to make her weep. he sought means of doing this, but found none. there was no sign of her ever caring about him. but by way of consoling himself he supposed that everything was as he wished it to be. he supposed that he had become very powerful and famous, and decided that she was in love with him. then he began to tell himself one of those absurd stories which in the end he would regard as more real than reality.

she was dying of love, but he spurned her. when he passed before her house she watched him pass, hiding behind the curtains, and he knew that she watched him, but he pretended to take no notice, and talked gaily. even he left the country, and journeyed far to add to her anguish. he did great things. here he introduced into his narrative fragments chosen from his grandfather's heroic tales, and all this time she was falling ill of grief. her mother, that proud dame, came to beg of him: "my poor child is dying. i beg you to come!" he went. she was in her bed. her face was pale and sunken. she held out her arms to him. she could not speak, but she took his hands and kissed them as she wept. then he looked at her with marvelous kindness and tenderness. he bade her recover, and consented to let her love him. at this point of the story, when he amused himself by drawing out the coming together by repeating their gestures and words several times, sleep overcame him, and he slept and was consoled.

but when he opened his eyes it was day, and it no longer shone so lightly or so carelessly as its predecessor. there was a great change in the world. jean-christophe now knew the meaning of injustice.

there were now times of extremely straitened circumstances at home. they became more and more frequent. they lived meagerly then. no one was more sensible of it than jean-christophe. his father saw nothing. he was served first, and there was always enough for him. he talked noisily, and roared with laughter at his own jokes, and he never noticed his wife's glances as she gave a forced laugh, while she watched him helping himself. when he passed the dish it was more than half empty. louisa helped the children—two potatoes each. when it came to jean-christophe's turn there were sometimes only three left, and his mother was not helped. he knew that beforehand; he had counted them before they came to him. then he summoned up courage, and said carelessly:

"only one, mother."

she was a little put out.

"two, like the others."

"no, please; only one."

"aren't you hungry?"

"no, i'm not very hungry."

but she, too, only took one, and they peeled them carefully, cut them up in little pieces, and tried to eat them as slowly as possible. his mother watched him. when he had finished:

"come, take it!"

"no, mother."

"but you are ill?"

"i am not ill, but i have eaten enough."

then his father would reproach him with being obstinate, and take the last potato for himself. but jean-christophe learned that trick, and he used to keep it on his plate for ernest, his little brother, who was always hungry, and watched him out of the corner of his eyes from the beginning of dinner, and ended by asking:

"aren't you going to eat it? give it me, then, jean-christophe."

oh, how jean-christophe detested his father, how he hated him for not thinking of them, or for not even dreaming that he was eating their share! he was so hungry that he hated him, and would gladly have told him so; but he thought in his pride that he had no right, since he could not earn his own living. his father had earned the bread that he took. he himself was good for nothing; he was a burden on everybody; he had no right to talk. later on he would talk—if there were any later on. oh, he would die of hunger first!…

he suffered more than another child would have done from these cruel fasts. his robust stomach was in agony. sometimes he trembled because of it; his head ached. there was a hole in his chest—a hole which turned and widened, as if a gimlet were being twisted in it. but he did not complain. he felt his mother's eyes upon him, and assumed an expression of indifference. louisa, with a clutching at her heart, understood vaguely that her little boy was denying himself so that the others might have more. she rejected the idea, but always returned to it. she dared not investigate it or ask jean-christophe if it were true, for, if it were true, what could she do? she had been used to privation since her childhood. what is the use of complaining when there is nothing to be done? she never suspected, indeed—she, with her frail health and small needs—that the boy might suffer more than herself. she did not say anything, but once or twice, when the others were gone, the children to the street, melchior about his business, she asked her eldest son to stay to do her some small service. jean-christophe would hold her skein while she unwound it. suddenly she would throw everything away, and draw him passionately to her. she would take him on her knees, although he was quite heavy, and would hug and hug him. he would fling his arms round her neck, and the two of them would weep desperately, embracing each other.

"my poor little boy!…"

"mother, mother!…"

they said no more, but they understood each other.

it was some time before jean-christophe realized that his father drank. melchior's intemperance did not—at least, in the beginning—exceed tolerable limits. it was not brutish. it showed itself rather by wild outbursts of happiness. he used to make foolish remarks, and sing loudly for hours together as he drummed on the table, and sometimes he insisted on dancing with louisa and the children. jean-christophe saw that his mother looked sad. she would shrink back and bend her face over her work; she avoided the drunkard's eyes, and used to try gently to quiet him when he said coarse things that made her blush. but jean-christophe did not understand, and he was in such need of gaiety that these noisy home-comings of his father were almost a festival to him. the house was melancholy, and these follies were a relaxation for him. he used to laugh heartily at melchior's crazy antics and stupid jokes; he sang and danced with him; and he was put out when his mother in an angry voice ordered him to cease. how could it be wrong, since his father did it? although his ever keen observation, which never forgot anything it had seen, told him that there were in his father's behavior several things which did not accord with his childish and imperious sense of justice, yet he continued to admire him. a child has so much need of an object of admiration! doubtless it is one of the eternal forms of self-love. when a man is, or knows himself to be, too weak to accomplish his desires and satisfy his pride, as a child he transfers them to his parents, or, as a man who has failed, he transfers them to his children. they are, or shall be, all that he dreamed of being—his champions, his avengers—and in this proud abdication in their favor, love and egoism are mingled so forcefully and yet so gently as to bring him keen delight. jean-christophe forgot all his grudges against his father, and cast about to find reasons for admiring him. he admired his figure, his strong arms, his voice, his laugh, his gaiety, and he shone with pride when he heard praise of his father's talents as a virtuoso, or when melchior himself recited with some amplification the eulogies he had received. he believed in his father's boasts, and looked upon him as a genius, as one of his grandfather's heroes.

one evening about seven o'clock he was alone in the house. his little brothers had gone out with jean michel. louisa was washing the linen in the river. the door opened, and melchior plunged in. he was hatless and disheveled. he cut a sort of caper to cross the threshold, and then plumped down in a chair by the table. jean-christophe began to laugh, thinking it was a part of one of the usual buffooneries, and he approached him. but as soon as he looked more closely at him the desire to laugh left him. melchior sat there with his arms hanging, and looking straight in front of him, seeing nothing, with his eyes blinking. his face was crimson, his mouth was open, and from it there gurgled every now and then a silly laugh. jean-christophe stood stock-still. he thought at first that his father was joking, but when he saw that he did not budge he was panic-stricken.

"papa, papa!" he cried.

melchior went on gobbling like a fowl. jean-christophe took him by the arm in despair, and shook him with all his strength.

"papa, dear papa, answer me, please, please!"

melchior's body shook like a boneless thing, and all but fell. his head flopped towards jean-christophe; he looked at him and babbled incoherently and irritably. when jean-christophe's eyes met those clouded eyes he was seized with panic terror. he ran away to the other end of the room, and threw himself on his knees by the bed, and buried his face in the clothes. he remained so for some time. melchior swung heavily on the chair, sniggering. jean-christophe stopped his ears, so as not to hear him, and trembled. what was happening within him was inexpressible. it was a terrible upheaval—terror, sorrow, as though for some one dead, some one dear and honored.

no one came; they were left alone. night fell, and jean-christophe's fear grew as the minutes passed. he could not help listening, and his blood froze as he heard the voice that he did not recognize. the silence made it all the more terrifying; the limping clock beat time for the senseless babbling. he could bear it no longer; he wished to fly. but he had, to pass his father to get out, and jean-christophe shuddered, at the idea of seeing those eyes again; it seemed to him that he must die if he did. he tried to creep on hands and knees to the door of the room. he could not breathe; he would not look; he stopped at the least movement from melchior, whose feet he could see under the table. one of the drunken man's legs trembled. jean-christophe reached the door. with one trembling hand he pushed the handle, but in his terror he let go. it shut to again. melchior turned to look. the chair on which he was balanced toppled over; he fell down with a crash. jean-christophe in his terror had no strength left for flight. he remained glued to the wall, looking at his father stretched there at his feet, and he cried for help.

his fall sobered melchior a little. he cursed and swore, and thumped on the chair that had played him such a trick. he tried vainly to get up, and then did manage to sit up with his back resting against the table, and he recognized his surroundings. he saw jean-christophe crying; he called him. jean-christophe wanted to run away; he could not stir. melchior called him again, and as the child did not come, he swore angrily. jean-christophe went near him, trembling in every limb. melchior drew the boy near him, and made him sit on his knees. he began by pulling his ears, and in a thick, stuttering voice delivered a homily on the respect due from a son to his father. then he went off suddenly on a new train of thought, and made him jump in his arms while he rattled off silly jokes. he wriggled with laughter. from that he passed immediately to melancholy ideas. he commiserated the boy and himself; he hugged him so that he was like to choke, covered him with kisses and tears, and finally rocked him in his arms, intoning the de profundis. jean-christophe made no effort to break loose; he was frozen with horror. stifled against his father's bosom, feeling his breath hiccoughing and smelling of wine upon his face, wet with his kisses and repulsive tears, he was in an agony of fear and disgust. he would have screamed, but no sound would come from his lips. he remained in this horrible condition for an age, as it seemed to him, until the door opened, and louisa came in with a basket of linen on her arm. she gave a cry, let the basket fall, rushed at jean-christophe, and with a violence which seemed incredible in her she wrenched melchior's arm, crying:

"drunken, drunken wretch!"

her eyes flashed with anger.

jean-christophe thought his father was going to kill her. but melchior was so startled by the threatening appearance of his wife that he made no reply, and began to weep. he rolled on the floor; he beat his head against the furniture, and said that she was right, that he was a drunkard, that he brought misery upon his family, and was ruining his poor children, and wished he were dead. louisa had contemptuously turned her back on him. she carried jean-christophe into the next room, and caressed him and tried to comfort him. the boy went on trembling, and did not answer his mother's questions; then he burst out sobbing. louisa bathed his face with water. she kissed him, and used tender words, and wept with him. in the end they were both comforted. she knelt, and made him kneel by her side. they prayed to god to cure father of his disgusting habit, and make him the kind, good man that he used to be. louisa put the child to bed. he wanted her to stay by his bedside and hold his hand. louisa spent part of the night sitting on jean-christophe's bed. he was feverish. the drunken man snored on the floor.

some time after that, one day at school, when jean-christophe was spending his time watching the flies on the ceiling, and thumping his neighbors, to make them fall off the form, the schoolmaster, who had taken a dislike to him, because he was always fidgeting and laughing, and would never learn anything, made an unhappy allusion. jean-christophe had fallen down himself, and the schoolmaster said he seemed to be like to follow brilliantly in the footsteps of a certain well-known person. all the boys burst out laughing, and some of them took upon themselves to point the allusion with comment both lucid and vigorous. jean-christophe got up, livid with shame, seized his ink-pot, and hurled it with all his strength at the nearest boy whom he saw laughing. the schoolmaster fell on him and beat him. he was thrashed, made to kneel, and set to do an enormous imposition.

he went home, pale and storming, though he said never a word. he declared frigidly that he would not go to school again. they paid no attention to what he said. next morning, when his mother reminded him that it was time to go, he replied quietly that he had said that he was not going any more. in rain louisa begged and screamed and threatened; it was no use. he stayed sitting in his corner, obstinate. melchior thrashed him. he howled, but every time they bade him go after the thrashing was over he replied angrily, "no!" they asked him at least to say why. he clenched his teeth, and would not. melchior took hold of him, carried him to school, and gave him into the master's charge. they set him on his form, and he began methodically to break everything within reach—his inkstand, his pen. he tore up his copy-book and lesson-book, all quite openly, with his eye on the schoolmaster, provocative. they shut him up in a dark room. a few moments later the schoolmaster found him with his handkerchief tied round his neck, tugging with all his strength at the two ends of it. he was trying to strangle himself.

they had to send him back.

jean-christophe was impervious to sickness. he had inherited from his father and grandfather their robust constitutions. they were not mollycoddles in that family; well or ill, they never worried, and nothing could bring about any change in the habits of the two kraffts, father and son. they went out winter and summer, in all weathers, and stayed for hours together out in rain or sun, sometimes bareheaded and with their coats open, from carelessness or bravado, and walked for miles without being tired, and they looked with pity and disdain upon poor louisa, who never said anything, but had to stop. she would go pale, and her legs would swell, and her heart would thump. jean-christophe was not far from sharing the scorn of his mother; he did not understand people being ill. when he fell, or knocked himself, or cut himself, or burned himself, he did not cry; but he was angry with the thing that had injured him. his father's brutalities and the roughness of his little playmates, the urchins of the street, with whom he used to fight, hardened him. he was not afraid of blows, and more than once he returned home with bleeding nose and bruised forehead. one day he had to be wrenched away, almost suffocated, from one of these fierce tussles in which he had bowled over his adversary, who was savagely banging his head on the ground. that seemed natural enough to him, for he was prepared to do unto others as they did unto himself.

and yet he was afraid of all sorts of things, and although no one knew it—for he was very proud—nothing brought him go much suffering during a part of his childhood as these same terrors. for two or three years especially they gnawed at him like a disease.

he was afraid of the mysterious something that lurks in darkness—evil powers that seemed to lie in wait for his life, the roaring of monsters which fearfully haunt the mind of every child and appear in everything that he sees, the relic perhaps of a form long dead, hallucinations of the first days after emerging from chaos, from the fearful slumber in his mother's womb, from the awakening of the larva from the depths of matter.

he was afraid of the garret door. it opened on to the stairs, and was almost always ajar. when he had to pass it he felt his heart heating; he would spring forward and jump by it without looking. it seemed to him that there was some one or something behind it. when it was closed he heard distinctly something moving behind it. that was not surprising, for there were large rats; but he imagined a monster, with rattling bones, and flesh hanging in rags, a horse's head, horrible and terrifying eyes, shapeless. he did not want to think of it, but did so in spite of himself. with trembling hand he would make sure that the door was locked; but that did not keep him from turning round ten times as he went downstairs.

he was afraid of the night outside. sometimes he used to stay late with his grandfather, or was sent out in the evening on some errand. old krafft lived a little outside the town in the last house on the cologne road. between the house and the first lighted windows of the town there was a distance of two or three hundred yards, which seemed three times as long to jean-christophe. there were places where the road twisted and it was impossible to see anything. the country was deserted in the evening, the earth grew black, and the sky was awfully pale. when he came out from the hedges that lined the road, and climbed up the slope, he could still see a yellowish gleam on the horizon, but it gave no light, and was more oppressive than the night; it made the darkness only darker; it was a deathly light. the clouds came down almost to earth. the hedges grew enormous and moved. the gaunt trees were like grotesque old men. the sides of the wood were stark white. the darkness moved. there were dwarfs sitting in the ditches, lights in the grass, fearful flying things in the air, shrill cries of insects coming from nowhere. jean-christophe was always in anguish, expecting some fearsome or strange putting forth of nature. he would run, with his heart leaping in his bosom.

when he saw the light in his grandfather's room he would gain confidence. but worst of all was when old krafft was not at home. that was most terrifying. the old house, lost in the country, frightened the boy even in daylight. he forgot his fears when his grandfather was there, but sometimes the old man would leave him alone, and go out without warning him. jean-christophe did not mind that. the room was quiet. everything in it was familiar and kindly. there was a great white wooden bedstead, by the bedside was a great bible on a shelf, artificial flowers were on the mantelpiece, with photographs of the old man's two wives and eleven children—and at the bottom of each photograph he had written the date of birth and death—on the walls were framed texts and vile chromolithographs of mozart and beethoven. a little piano stood in one corner, a great violoncello in another; rows of books higgledy-piggledy, pipes, and in the window pots of geraniums. it was like being surrounded with friends. the old man could be heard moving about in the next room, and planing or hammering, and talking to himself, calling himself an idiot, or singing in a loud voice, improvising a potpourri of scraps of chants and sentimental lieder, warlike marches, and drinking songs. here was shelter and refuge. jean-christophe would sit in the great armchair by the window, with a book on his knees, bending over the pictures and losing himself in them. the day would die down, his eyes would grow weary, and then he would look no more, and fall into vague dreaming. the wheels of a cart would rumble by along the road, a cow would moo in the fields; the bells of the town, weary and sleepy, would ring the evening angelus. vague desires, happy presentiments, would awake in the heart of the dreaming child.

suddenly jean-christophe would awake, filled with dull uneasiness. he would raise his eyes—night! he would listen—silence! his grandfather had just gone out. he shuddered. he leaned out of the window to try to see him. the road was deserted; things began to take on a threatening aspect. oh god! if that should be coming! what? he could not tell. the fearful thing. the doors were not properly shut. the wooden stairs creaked as under a footstep. the boy leaped up, dragged the armchair, the two chairs and the table, to the most remote corner of the room; he made a barrier of them; the armchair against the wall, a chair to the right, a chair to the left, and the table in front of him. in the middle he planted a pair of steps, and, perched on top with his book and other books, like provisions against a siege, he breathed again, having decided in his childish imagination that the enemy could not pass the barrier—that was not to be allowed.

but the enemy would creep forth, even from his book. among the old books which the old man had picked up were some with pictures which made a profound impression on the child: they attracted and yet terrified him. there were fantastic visions—temptations of st. anthony—in which skeletons of birds hung in bottles, and thousands of eggs writhe like worms in disemboweled frogs, and heads walk on feet, and asses play trumpets, and household utensils and corpses of animals walk gravely, wrapped in great cloths, bowing like old ladies. jean-christophe was horrified by them, but always returned to them, drawn on by disgust. he would look at them for a long time, and every now and then look furtively about him to see what was stirring in the folds of the curtains. a picture of a flayed man in an anatomy book was still more horrible to him. he trembled as he turned the page when he came to the place where it was in the book. this shapeless medley was grimly etched for him. the creative power inherent in every child's mind filled out the meagerness of the setting of them. he saw no difference between the daubs and the reality. at night they had an even more powerful influence over his dreams than the living things that he saw during the day.

he was afraid to sleep. for several years nightmares poisoned his rest. he wandered in cellars, and through the manhole saw the grinning flayed man entering. he was alone in a room, and he heard a stealthy footstep in the corridor; he hurled himself against the door to close it, and was just in time to hold the handle; but it was turned from the outside; he could not turn the key, his strength left him, and he cried for help. he was with his family, and suddenly their faces changed; they did crazy things. he was reading quietly, and he felt that an invisible being was all round him. he tried to fly, but felt himself bound. he tried to cry out, but he was gagged. a loathsome grip was about his neck. he awoke, suffocating, and with his teeth chattering; and he went on trembling long after he was awake; he could not be rid of his agony.

the roam in which he slept was a hole without door or windows; an old curtain hung up by a curtain-rod over the entrance was all that separated it from the room of his father and mother. the thick air stifled him. his brother, who slept in the same bed, used to kick him. his head burned, and he was a prey to a sort of hallucination in which all the little troubles of the day reappeared infinitely magnified. in this state of nervous tension, bordering on delirium, the least shock was an agony to him. the creaking of a plank terrified him. his father's breathing took on fantastic proportions. it seemed to be no longer a human breathing, and the monstrous sound was horrible to him; it seemed to him that there must be a beast sleeping there. the night crushed him; it would never end; it must always be so; he was lying there for months and months. he gasped for breath; he half raised himself on his bed, sat up, dried his sweating face with his shirt-sleeve. sometimes he nudged his brother rodolphe to wake him up; but rodolphe moaned, drew away from him the rest of the bedclothes, and went on sleeping.

so he stayed in feverish agony until a pale beam of light appeared on the floor below the curtain. this timorous paleness of the distant dawn suddenly brought him peace. he felt the light gliding into the room, when it was still impossible to distinguish it from darkness. then his fever would die down, his blood would grow calm, like a flooded river returning to its bed; an even warmth would flow through all his body, and his eyes, burning from sleeplessness, would close in spite of himself.

in the evening it was terrible to him to see the approach of the hour of sleep. he vowed that he would not give way to it, to watch the whole night through, fearing his nightmares, but in the end weariness always overcame him, and it was always when he was least on his guard that the monsters returned.

fearful night! so sweet to most children, so terrible to some!… he was afraid to sleep. he was afraid of not sleeping. waking or sleeping, he was surrounded by monstrous shapes, the phantoms of his own brain, the larvæ floating in the half-day and twilight of childhood, as in the dark chiaroscuro of sickness.

but these fancied terrors were soon to be blotted out in the great fear—that which is in the hearts of all men; that fear which wisdom does in vain preen itself on forgetting or denying—death.

one day when he was rummaging in a cupboard, he came upon several things that he did not know—a child's frock and a striped bonnet. he took them in triumph to his mother, who, instead of smiling at him, looked vexed, and bade him, take them back to the place where he had found them. when he hesitated to obey, and asked her why, she snatched them from him without reply, and put them on a shelf where he could not reach them. roused to curiosity, he plied her with questions. at last she told him that there had been a little brother who had died before jean-christophe came into the world. he was taken aback—he had never heard tell of him. he was silent for a moment, and then tried to find out more. his mother seemed to be lost in thought; but she told him that the little brother was called jean-christophe like himself, but was more sensible. he put more questions to her, but she would not reply readily. she told him only that his brother was in heaven, and was praying for them all. jean-christophe could get no more out of her; she bade him be quiet, and to let her go on with her work. she seemed to be absorbed in her sewing; she looked anxious, and did not raise her eyes. but after some time she looked at him where he was in the corner, whither he had retired to sulk, began to smile, and told him to go and play outside.

these scraps of conversation profoundly agitated jean-christophe. there had been a child, a little boy, belonging to his mother, like himself, bearing the same name, almost exactly the same, and he was dead! dead! he did not exactly know what that was, but it was something terrible. and they never talked of this other jean-christophe; he was quite forgotten. it would be the same with him if he were to die? this thought was with him still in the evening at table with his family, when he saw them all laughing and talking of trifles. so, then, it was possible that they would be gay after he was dead! oh! he never would have believed that his mother could be selfish enough to laugh after the death of her little boy! he hated them all. he wanted to weep for himself, for his own death, in advance. at the same time he wanted to ask a whole heap of questions, but he dared not; he remembered the voice in which his mother had bid him be quiet. at last he could contain himself no longer, and one night when he had gone to bed, and louisa came to kiss him, he asked:

"mother, did he sleep in my bed?"

the poor woman trembled, and, trying to take on an indifferent tone of voice, she asked:

"who?"

"the little boy who is dead," said jean-christophe in a whisper.

his mother clutched him with her hands.

"be quiet—quiet," she said.

her voice trembled. jean-christophe, whose head was leaning against her bosom, heard her heart beating. there was a moment of silence, then she said:

"you must never talk of that, my dear…. go to sleep…. no, it was not his bed."

she kissed him. he thought he felt her cheek wet against his. he wished he could have been sure of it. he was a little comforted. there was grief in her then! then he doubted it again the next moment, when he heard her in the next room talking in a quiet, ordinary voice. which was true—that or what had just been? he turned about for long in his bed without finding any answer. he wanted his mother to suffer; not that he also did not suffer in the knowledge that she was sad, but it would have done him so much good, in spite of everything! he would have felt himself less alone. he slept, and next day thought no more of it.

some weeks afterwards one of the urchins with whom he played in the street did not come at the usual time. one of them said that he was ill, and they got used to not seeing him in their games. it was explained, it was quite simple. one evening jean-christophe had gone to bed; it was early, and from the recess in which his bed was, he saw the light in the room. there was a knock at the door. a neighbor had come to have a chat. he listened absently, telling himself stories as usual. the words of their talk did not reach him. suddenly he heard the neighbor say: "he is dead." his blood stopped, for he had understood who was dead. he listened and held his breath. his parents cried out. melchior's booming voice said:

"jean-christophe, do you hear? poor fritz is dead."

jean-christophe made an effort, and replied quietly:

"yes, papa."

his bosom was drawn tight as in a vise.

melchior went on:

"'yes, papa.' is that all you say? you are not grieved by it."

louisa, who understood the child, said:

"'ssh! let him sleep!"

and they talked in whispers. but jean-christophe, pricking his ears, gathered all the details of illness—typhoid fever, cold baths, delirium, the parents' grief. he could not breathe, a lump in his throat choked him. he shuddered. all these horrible things took shape in his mind. above all, he gleaned that the disease was contagious—that is, that he also might die in the same way—and terror froze him, for he remembered that he had shaken hands with fritz the last time he had seen him, and that very day had gone past the house. but he made no sound, so as to avoid having to talk, and when his father, after the neighbor had gone, asked him: "jean-christophe, are you asleep?" he did not reply. he heard melchior saying to louisa:

"the boy has no heart."

louisa did not reply, but a moment later she came and gently raised the curtain and looked at the little bed. jean-christophe only just had time to close his eyes and imitate the regular breathing which his brothers made when they were asleep. louisa went away on tip-toe. and yet how he wanted to keep her! how he wanted to tell her that he was afraid, and to ask her to save him, or at least to comfort him! but he was afraid of their laughing at him, and treating him as a coward; and besides, he knew only too well that nothing that they might say would be any good. and for hours he lay there in agony, thinking that he felt the disease creeping over him, and pains in his head, a stricture of the heart, and thinking in terror: "it is the end. i am ill. i am going to die. i am going to die!"… once he sat up in his bed and called to his mother in a low voice; but they were asleep, and he dared not wake them.

from that time on his childhood was poisoned by the idea of death. his nerves delivered him up to all sorts of little baseless sicknesses, to depression, to sudden transports, and fits of choking. his imagination ran riot with these troubles, and thought it saw in all of them the murderous beast which was to rob him of his life. how many times he suffered agonies, with his mother sitting only a few yards away from him, and she guessing nothing! for in his cowardice he was brave enough to conceal all his terror in a strange jumble of feeling—pride in not turning to others, shame of being afraid, and the scrupulousness of a tenderness which forbade him to trouble his mother. but he never ceased to think: "this time i am ill. i am seriously ill. it is diphtheria…." he had chanced on the word "diphtheria."… "dear god! not this time!…"

he had religious ideas: he loved to believe what his mother had told, him, that after death the soul ascended to the lord, and if it were pious entered into the garden of paradise. but the idea of this journey rather frightened than attracted him. he was not at all envious of the children whom god, as a recompense, according to his mother, took in their sleep and called to him without having made them suffer. he trembled, as he went to sleep, for fear that god should indulge this whimsy at his expense. it must be terrible to be taken suddenly from the warmth of one's bed and dragged through the void into the presence of god. he imagined god as an enormous sun, with a voice of thunder. how it must hurt! it must barn the eyes, ears—all one's soul! then, god could punish—you never know…. and besides, that did not prevent all the other horrors which he did not know very well, though he could guess them from what he had heard—your body in a box, all alone at the bottom of a hole, lost in the crowd of those revolting cemeteries to which he was taken to pray…. god! god! how sad! how sad!…

and yet it was not exactly joyous to live, and be hungry, and see your father drunk, and to be beaten, to suffer in so many ways from the wickedness of other children, from the insulting pity of grown-up persons, and to be understood by no one, not even by your mother. everybody humiliates you, no one loves you. you are alone—alone, and matter so little! yes; but it was just this that made him want to live. he felt in himself a surging power of wrath. a strange thing, that power! it could do nothing yet; it was as though it were afar off and gagged, swaddled, paralyzed; he had no idea what it wanted, what, later on, it would be. but it was in him; he was sure of it; he felt it stirring and crying out. to-morrow—to-morrow, what a voyage he would take! he had a savage desire to live, to punish the wicked, to do great things. "oh! but how i will live when i am …" he pondered a little—"when i am eighteen!" sometimes he put it at twenty-one; that was the extreme limit. he thought that was enough for the domination of the world. he thought of the heroes dearest to him—of napoleon, and of that other more remote hero, whom he preferred, alexander the great. surely he would be like them if only he lived for another twelve—ten years. he never thought of pitying those who died at thirty. they were old; they had lived their lives; it was their fault if they hat failed. but to die now … despair! too terrible to pass while yet a little child, and forever to be in the minds of men a little boy whom everybody thinks he has the right to scold! he wept with rage at the thought, as though he were already dead.

this agony of death tortured his childish years—corrected only by disgust with all life and the sadness of his own.

it was in the midst of these gloomy shadows, in the stifling night that every moment seemed to intensify about him, that there began to shine, like a star lost in the dark abysm of space, the light which was to illuminate his life: divine music….

his grandfather gave the children an old piano, which one of his clients, anxious to be rid of it, had asked him to take. his patient ingenuity had almost put it in order. the present had not been very well received. louisa thought her room already too small, without filling it up any more; and melchior said that jean michel had not ruined himself over it: just firewood. only jean-christophe was glad of it without exactly knowing why. it seemed to him a magic box, full of marvelous stories, just like the ones in the fairy-book—a volume of the "thousand and one nights"—which his grandfather read to him sometimes to their mutual delight. he had heard his father try the piano on the day of its arrival, and draw from it a little rain of arpeggios like the drops that a puff of wind shakes from the wet branches of a tree after a shower. he clapped his hands, and cried "encore!" but melchior scornfully closed the piano, saying that it was worthless. jean-christophe did not insist, but after that he was always hovering about the instrument. as soon as no one was near he would raise the lid, and softly press down a key, just as if he were moving with his finger the living shell of some great insect; he wanted to push out the creature that was locked up in it. sometimes in his haste he would strike too hard, and then his mother would cry out, "will you not be quiet? don't go touching everything!" or else he would pinch himself cruelly in closing the piano, and make piteous faces as he sucked his bruised fingers….

now his greatest joy is when his mother is gone out for a day's service, or to pay some visit in the town. he listens as she goes down the stairs, and into the street, and away. he is alone. he opens the piano, and brings up a chair, and perches on it. his shoulders just about reach the keyboard; it is enough for what he wants. why does he wait until he is alone? no one would prevent his playing so long as he did not make too much noise. but he is ashamed before the others, and dare not. and then they talk and move about: that spoils his pleasure. it is so much more beautiful when he is alone! jean-christophe holds his breath so that the silence may be even greater, and also because he is a little excited, as though he were going to let off a gun. his heart beats as he lays his finger on the key; sometimes he lifts his finger after he has the key half pressed down, and lays it on another. does he know what will come out of it, more than what will come out of the other? suddenly a sound issues from it; there are deep sounds and high sounds, some tinkling, some roaring. the child listens to them one by one as they die away and finally cease to be; they hover in the air like bells heard far off, coming near in the wind, and then going away again; then when you listen you hear in the distance other voices, different, joining in and droning like flying insects; they seem to call to you, to draw you away farther—farther and farther into the mysterious regions, where they dive down and are lost…. they are gone!… no; still they murmur…. a little beating of wings…. how strange it all is! they are like spirits. how is it that they are so obedient? how is it that they are held captive in this old box? but best of all is when you lay two fingers on two keys at once. then you never know exactly what will happen. sometimes the two spirits are hostile; they are angry with each other, and fight; and hate each other, and buzz testily. then voices are raised; they cry out, angrily, now sorrowfully. jean-christophe adores that; it is as though there were monsters chained up, biting at their fetters, beating against the bars of their prison; they are like to break them, and burst out like the monsters in the fairy-book—the genii imprisoned in the arab bottles under the seal of solomon. others flatter you; they try to cajole you, but you feel that they only want to bite, that they are hot and fevered. jean-christophe does not know what they want, but they lure him and disturb him; they make him almost blush. and sometimes there are notes that love each other; sounds embrace, as people do with their arms when they kiss: they are gracious and sweet. these are the good spirits; their faces are smiling, and there are no lines in them; they love little jean-christophe, and little jean-christophe loves them. tears come to his eyes as he hears them, and he is never weary of calling them up. they are his friends, his dear, tender friends….

so the child journeys through the forest of sounds, and round him he is conscious of thousands of forces lying in wait for him, and calling to him to caress or devour him….

one day melchior came upon him thus. he made him jump with fear at the sound of his great voice. jean-christophe, thinking he was doing wrong, quickly put his hands up to his ears to ward off the blows he feared. but melchior did not scold him, strange to say; he was in a good temper, and laughed.

"you like that, boy?" he asked, patting his head kindly. "would you like me to teach you to play it?"

would he like!… delighted, he murmured: "yes." the two of them sat down at the piano, jean-christophe perched this time on a pile of big books, and very attentively he took his first lesson. he learned first of all that the buzzing spirits have strange names, like chinese names, of one syllable, or even of one letter. he was astonished; he imagined them to be different from that: beautiful, caressing names, like the princesses in the fairy stories. he did not like the familiarity with which his father talked of them. again, when melchior evoked them they were not the same; they seemed to become indifferent as they rolled out from under his fingers. but jean-christophe was glad to learn about the relationships between them, their hierarchy, the scales, which were like a king commanding an army, or like a band of negroes marching in single file. he was surprised to see that each soldier, or each negro, could become a monarch in his turn, or the head of a similar band, and that it was possible to summon whole battalions from one end to the other of the keyboard. it amused him to hold the thread which made them march. but it was a small thing compared with what he had seen at first; his enchanted forest was lost. however, he set himself to learn, for it was not tiresome, and he was surprised at his father's patience. melchior did not weary of it either; he made him begin the same thing over again ten times. jean-christophe did not understand why he should take so much trouble; his father loved him, then? that was good! the boy worked away; his heart was filled with gratitude.

he would have been less docile had he known what thoughts were springing into being in his father's head.

from that day on melchior took him to the house of a neighbor, where three times a week there was chamber music. melchior played first violin, jean michel the violoncello. the other two were a bank-clerk and the old watchmaker of the schillerstrasse. every now and then the chemist joined them with his flute. they began at five, and went on till nine. between each piece they drank beer. neighbors used to come in and out, and listen without a word, leaning against the wall, and nodding their heads, and beating time with their feet, and filling the room with clouds of tobacco-smoke. page followed page, piece followed piece, but the patience of the musicians was never exhausted. they did not speak; they were all attention; their brows were knit, and from time to time they grunted with pleasure, but for the rest they were perfectly incapable not only of expressing, but even of feeling, the beauty of what they played. they played neither very accurately nor in good time, but they never went off the rails, and followed faithfully the marked changes of tone. they had that musical facility which is easily satisfied, that mediocre perfection which, is so plentiful in the race which is said to be the most musical in the world. they had also that great appetite which does not stickle for the quality of its food, so only there be quantity—that healthy appetite to which all music is good, and the more substantial the better—it sees no difference between brahms and beethoven, or between the works of the same master, between an empty concerto and a moving sonata, because they are fashioned of the same stuff.

jean-christophe sat apart in a corner, which was his own, behind the piano. no one could disturb him there, for to reach it he had to go on all fours. it was half dark there, and the boy had just room to lie on the floor if he huddled up. the smoke of the tobacco filled his eyes and throat: dust, too; there were large flakes of it like sheepskin, but he did not mind that, and listened gravely, squatting there turkish fashion, and widening the holes in the cloth of the piano with his dirty little fingers. he did not like everything that they played; but nothing that they played bored him, and he never tried to formulate his opinions, for he thought himself too small to know anything. only some music sent him to sleep, some woke him up; it was never disagreeable to him. without his knowing it, it was nearly always good music that excited him. sure of not being seen, he made faces, he wrinkled his nose, ground his teeth, or stuck out his tongue; his eyes flashed with anger or drooped languidly; he moved his arms and legs with a defiant and valiant air; he wanted to march, to lunge out, to pulverize the world. he fidgeted so much that in the end a head would peer over the piano, and say: "hullo, boy, are you mad? leave the piano…. take your hand away, or i'll pull your ears!" and that made him crestfallen and angry. why did they want to spoil his pleasure? he was not doing any harm. must he always be tormented! his father chimed in. they chid him for making a noise, and said that he did not like music. and in the end he believed it. these honest citizens grinding out concertos would have been astonished if they had been told that the only person in the company who really felt the music was the little boy.

if they wanted him to keep quiet, why did they play airs which make you march? in those pages were rearing horses, swords, war-cries, the pride of triumph; and they wanted him, like them, to do no more than wag his head and beat time with his feet! they had only to play placid dreams or some of those chattering pages which talk so much and say nothing. there are plenty of them, for example, like that piece of goldmark's, of which the old watchmaker had just said with a delighted smile: "it is pretty. there is no harshness in it. all the corners are rounded off…." the boy was very quiet then. he became drowsy. he did not know what they were playing hardly heard it; but he was happy; his limbs were numbed, and he was dreaming.

his dreams were not a consecutive story; they had neither head nor tail. it was rarely that he saw a definite picture; his mother making a cake, and with a knife removing the paste that clung to her fingers; a water-rat that he had seen the night before swimming in the river; a whip that he wanted to make with a willow wand…. heaven knows why these things should have cropped up in his memory at such a time! but most often he saw nothing at all, and yet he felt things innumerable and infinite. it was as though there were a number of very important things not to be spoken of, or not worth speaking of, because they were so well known, and because they had always been so. some of them were sad, terribly sad; but there was nothing painful in them, as there is in the things that belong to real life; they were not ugly and debasing, like the blows that jean-christophe had from his father, or like the things that were in his head when, sick at heart with shame, he thought of some humiliation; they filled the mind with a melancholy calm. and some were bright and shining, shedding torrents of joy. and jean-christophe thought: "yes, it is thus—thus that i will do by-and-by." he did not know exactly what thus was, nor why he said it, but he felt that he had to say it, and that it was clear as day. he heard the sound of a sea, and he was quite near to it, kept from it only by a wall of dunes. jean-christophe had no idea what sea it was, or what it wanted with him, but he was conscious that it would rise above the barrier of dunes. and then!… then all would be well, and he would be quite happy. nothing to do but to hear it, then, quite near, to sink to sleep to the sound of its great voice, soothing away all his little griefs and humiliations. they were sad still, but no longer shameful nor injurious; everything seemed natural and almost sweet.

very often it was mediocre music that produced this intoxication in him. the writers of it were poor devils, with no thought in their heads but the gaining of money, or the hiding away of the emptiness of their lives by tagging notes together according to accepted formulæ—or to be original, in defiance of formulæ. but in the notes of music, even when handled by an idiot, there is such a power of life that they can let loose storms in a simple soul. perhaps even the dreams suggested by the idiots are more mysterious and more free than those breathed by an imperious thought which drags you along by force; for aimless movement and empty chatter do not disturb the mind in its own pondering….

so, forgotten and forgetting, the child stayed in his corner behind the piano, until suddenly he felt ants climbing up his legs. and he remembered then that he was a little boy wife dirty nails, and that he was rubbing his nose against a white-washed wall, and holding his feet in his hands.

on the day when melchior, stealing on tiptoe, had surprised the boy at the keyboard that was too high for him, he had stayed to watch him for a moment, and suddenly there had flashed upon him: "a little prodigy!… why had he not thought of it?… what luck for the family!…" no doubt he had thought that the boy would be a little peasant like his mother. "it would cost nothing to try. what a great thing it would be! he would take him all over germany, perhaps abroad. it would be a jolly life, and noble to boot." melchior never failed to look for the nobility hidden in all he did, for it was not often that he failed to find it, after some reflection.

strong in this assurance, immediately after supper, as soon as he had taken his last mouthful, he dumped the child once more in front of the piano, and made him go through the day's lesson until his eyes closed in weariness. then three times the next day. then the day after that. then every day. jean-christophe soon tired of it; then he was sick to death of it; finally he could stand it no more, and tried to revolt against it. there was no point in what he was made to do: nothing but learning to run as fast as possible over the keys, by loosening the thumb, or exercising the fourth finger, which would cling awkwardly to the two next to it. it got on his nerves; there was nothing beautiful in it. there was an end of the magic sounds, and fascinating monsters, and the universe of dreams felt in one moment…. nothing but scales and exercises—dry, monotonous, dull—duller than the conversation at meal-time, which was always the same—always about the dishes, and always the same dishes. at first the child listened absently to what his father said. when he was severely reprimanded he went on with a bad grace. he paid no attention to abuse; he met it with bad temper. the last straw was when one evening he heard melchior unfold his plans in the next room. so it was in order to put him on show like a trick animal that he was so badgered and forced every day to move bits of ivory! he was not even given time to go and see his beloved river. what was it made them so set against him? he was angry, hurt in his pride, robbed of his liberty. he decided that he would play no more, or as badly as possible, and would discourage his father. it would be hard, but at all costs he must keep his independence.

the very next lesson he began to put his plan into execution. he set himself conscientiously to hit the notes awry, or to bungle every touch. melchior cried out, then roared, and blows began to rain. he had a heavy ruler. at every false note he struck the boy's fingers, and at the same time shouted in his ears, so that he was like to deafen him. jean-christophe's face twitched tinder the pain of it; he bit his lips to keep himself from crying, and stoically went on hitting the notes all wrong, bobbing his head down whenever he felt a blow coming. but his system was not good, and it was not long before he began to see that it was so. melchior was as obstinate as his son, and he swore that even if they were to stay there two days and two nights he would not let him off a single note until it had been properly played. then jean-christophe tried too deliberately to play wrongly, and melchior began to suspect the trick, as he saw that the boy's hand fell heavily to one side at every note with obvious intent. the blows became more frequent; jean-christophe was no longer conscious of his fingers. he wept pitifully and silently, sniffing, and swallowing down his sobs and tears. he understood that he had nothing to gain by going on like that, and that he would have to resort to desperate measures. he stopped, and, trembling at the thought of the storm which was about to let loose, he said valiantly:

"papa, i won't play any more."

melchior choked.

"what! what!…" he cried.

he took and almost broke the boy's arm with shaking it. jean-christophe, trembling more and more, and raising his elbow to ward off the blows, said again:

"i won't play any more. first, because i don't like being beaten. and then…."

he could not finish. a terrific blow knocked the wind out of him, and

melchior roared:

"ah! you don't like being beaten? you don't like it?…"

blows rained. jean-christophe bawled through his sobs:

"and then … i don't like music!… i don't like music!…"

he slipped down from his chair. melchior roughly put him back, and knocked his knuckles against the keyboard. he cried:

"you shall play!"

and jean-christophe shouted:

"no! no! i won't play!"

melchior had to surrender. he thrashed the boy, thrust him from the room, and said that he should have nothing to eat all day, or the whole month, until he had played all his exercises without a mistake. he kicked him out and slammed the door after him,

jean-christophe found himself on the stairs, the dark and dirty stairs, worm-eaten. a draught came through a broken pane in the skylight, and the walls were dripping. jean-christophe sat on one of the greasy steps; his heart was beating wildly with anger and emotion. in a low voice he cursed his father:

"beast! that's what you are! a beast … a gross creature … a brute! yes, a brute!… and i hate you, i hate you!… oh, i wish you were dead! i wish you were dead!"

his bosom swelled. he looked desperately at the sticky staircase and the spider's web swinging in the wind above the broken pane. he felt alone, lost in his misery. he looked at the gap in the banisters…. what if he were to throw himself down?… or out of the window?… yes, what if he were to kill himself to punish them? how remorseful they would be! he heard the noise of his fall from the stairs. the door upstairs opened suddenly. agonized voices cried: "he has fallen!—he has fallen!" footsteps clattered downstairs. his father and mother threw themselves weeping upon his body. his mother sobbed: "it is your fault! you have killed him!" his father waved his arms, threw himself on his knees, beat his head against the banisters, and cried: "what a wretch am i! what a wretch am i!" the sight of all this softened his misery. he was on the point of taking pity on their grief; but then he thought that it was well for them, had he enjoyed his revenge….

when his story was ended, he found himself once more at the top of the stairs in the dark; he looked down once more, and his desire to throw himself down was gone. he even, shuddered a little, and moved away from the edge, thinking that he might fall. then he felt that he was a prisoner, like a poor bird in a cage—a prisoner forever, with nothing to do but to break his head and hurt himself. he wept, wept, and he robbed his eyes with his dirty little hands, so that in a moment he was filthy. as he wept he never left off looking at the things about him, and he found some distraction in that. he stopped moaning for a moment to look at the spider which, had just begun to move. then he began with less conviction. he listened to the sound of his own weeping, and went on, mechanically with his sobbing, without much knowing why he did so. soon he got up; he was attracted by the window. he sat on the window-sill, retiring into the background, and watched the spider furtively. it interested while it revolted him.

below the rhine flowed, washing the walls of the house. in the staircase window it was like being suspended over the river in a moving sky. jean-christophe never limped down the stairs without taking a long look at it, but he had never yet seen it as it was to-day. grief sharpens the senses; it is as though everything were more sharply graven on the vision after tears have washed away the dim traces of memory. the river was like a living thing to the child—a creature inexplicable, but how much more powerful than all the creatures that he knew! jean-christophe leaned forward to see it better; he pressed his mouth and flattened his nose against the pane. where was it going? what did it want? it looked free, and sure of its road…. nothing could stop it. at all hours of the day or night, rain or sun, whether there were joy or sorrow in the house, it went on going by, and it was as though nothing mattered to it, as though it never knew sorrow, and rejoiced in its strength. what joy to be like it, to run through the fields, and by willow-branches, and over little shining pebbles and crisping sand, and to care for nothing, to be cramped by nothing, to be free!…

the boy looked and listened greedily; it was as though he were borne along by the river, moving by with it…. when he closed his eyes he saw color—blue, green, yellow, red, and great chasing shadows and sunbeams…. what he sees takes shape. now it is a large plain, reeds, corn waving under a breeze scented with new grass and mint. flowers on every side—cornflowers, poppies, violets. how lovely it is! how sweet the air! how good it is to lie down in the thick, soft grass!… jean-christophe feels glad and a little bewildered, as he does when on feast-days his father pours into his glass a little rhine wine…. the river goes by…. the country is changed…. now there are trees leaning over the water; their delicate leaves, like little hands, dip, move, and turn about in the water. a village among the trees is mirrored in the river. there are cypress-trees, and the crosses of the cemetery showing above the white wall washed by the stream. then there are rocks, a mountain gorge, vines on the slopes, a little pine-wood, and ruined castles…. and once more the plain, corn, birds, and the sun….

the great green mass of the river goes by smoothly, like a single thought; there are no waves, almost no ripples—smooth, oily patches. jean-christophe does not see it; he has closed his eyes to hear it better. the ceaseless roaring fills him, makes him giddy; he is exalted by this eternal, masterful dream which goes no man knows whither. over the turmoil of its depths rush waters, in swift rhythm, eagerly, ardently. and from the rhythm ascends music, like a vine climbing a trellis—arpeggios from silver keys, sorrowful violins, velvety and smooth-sounding flutes…. the country has disappeared. the river has disappeared. there floats by only a strange, soft, and twilight atmosphere. jean-christophe's heart flutters with emotion. what does he see now? oh! charming faces!… a little girl with brown tresses calls to him, slowly, softly, and mockingly…. a pale boy's face looks at him with melancholy blue eyes…. others smile; other eyes look at him—curious and provoking eyes, and their glances make him blush—eyes affectionate and mournful, like the eyes of a dog—eyes imperious, eyes suffering…. and the pale face of a woman, with black hair, and lips close pressed, and eyes so large that they obscure her other features, and they gaze upon jean-christophe with an ardor that hurts him…. and, dearest of all, that face which smiles upon him with clear gray eyes and lips a little open, showing gleaming white teeth…. ah! how kind and tender is that smile! all his heart is tenderness from it! how good it is to love! again! smile upon me again! do not go!… alas! it is gone!… but it leaves in his heart sweetness ineffable. evil, sorrow, are no more; nothing is left…. nothing, only an airy dream, like serene music, floating down a sunbeam, like the gossamers on fine summer days…. what has happened? what are these visions that fill the child with sadness and sweet sorrow? never had he seen them before, and yet he knew them and recognized them. whence come they? from what obscure abysm of creation? are they what has been … or what will be?…

now all is done, every haunting form is gone. once more through a misty veil, as though he were soaring high above it, the river in flood appears, covering the fields, and rolling by, majestic, slow, almost still. and far, far away, like a steely light upon the horizon, a watery plain, a line of trembling waves—the sea. the river runs down to it. the sea seems to run up to the river. she fires him. he desires her. he must lose himself in her…. the music hovers; lovely dance rhythms swing out madly; all the world is rocked in their triumphant whirligig…. the soul, set free, cleaves space, like swallows' flight, like swallows drunk with the air, skimming across the sky with shrill cries…. joy! joy! there is nothing, nothing!… oh, infinite happiness!…

hours passed; it was evening; the staircase was in darkness. drops of rain made rings upon the river's gown, and the current bore them dancing away. sometimes the branch of a tree or pieces of black bark passed noiselessly and disappeared. the murderous spider had withdrawn to her darkest corner. and little jean-christophe was still leaning forward on the window-sill. his face was pale and dirty; happiness shone in him. he was asleep.