orthodox christianity is built upon the doctrine of the fall of man and the damnation of mankind, but i could find only the rarest and remotest allusions to this ground beneath the christian corner-stone of salvation in the bale of sermons i examined. there is no evidence that sanderson ever denied the fallen state of man, but he never alluded to it, and the general effect of his teaching went far beyond a mere avoidance. as his teaching developed, another word, a word infrequent in the gospels, became dominant, the word 'creative.' for any mention of 'salvation' you will find twenty repetitions of 'creative.' so far as i can gather he took the word from a hitherto unrecognised christian father, st. bertrand russell. and i should submit the following passage from a sermon on the garden of life, to any competent theological body with very grave doubts whether they would accept it as consistent with the teaching of any recognised christian church.

[pg 87]

'god had created man, and had moulded and fashioned him, and had breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul, possessed of the divine and eternal indestructible spirit, the god-like spirit which would fill him with the glorious and life-giving spirit of unrest, of unsatisfied longings and desire, of the instinctive natural urge to have more of life. a mighty power, a dynamic creative force, a daemonic increasing urge—against which the forces of hell, of destructiveness, of caprice, of lawlessness, of the jungle, cannot prevail. under this power man and the races of man progress: but without this mental fight, this constant struggle, no life can come. i dwelt on this fact last time i spoke to you, having in mind the mental or intellectual aspect of it, especially for those of you who are working for some searching examinations: for without a persistent, painful, and often enough disappointing effort the understanding of things will not come to you, or to any of us.

'be true to yourselves, suffer no artifice, or artificial understanding, to throw dust in your eyes. do not struggle for a static victory. be true to yourselves. do not struggle for your own[pg 88] recognition, as it were, or for the mere appearance of knowledge—rather struggle to enter into the kingdom, the kingdom of service.

'and where can you find the inspiration and urge of life? the source is wonderfully drawn out for us in the illuminating and suggestive commentary on genesis you have the advantage to study. a great human book is canon driver's commentary, digging out for us the deep truths of life embedded in the ancient myths of genesis. a study in the use of words; of what we can learn from words; a new form of text-book. such a text-book as we should have for the new era. this picture of the coming and making of man tells us a story of the widest applicability. it is found in all the works of god; it is found in all our surroundings; it is found in all our work and toil; it is found most fully and actively in all our daily working life. god, we are told, made a garden for man, and there he placed him and gave him charge of it; and there the lord god came and walked with man, and communed with man, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. and there he gave him his chief aim of life, his one purpose. and the lord god took man, and put[pg 89] him in the garden of eden, to dress it and to keep it. and then with the memory and order of that garden in his mind he permitted him to receive knowledge, and then sent him out into the great wilderness to find his garden there.'

and here is another passage from a sermon entitled 'creative.'

in the beginning god created the heaven and the earth, and the earth was waste and void. the world was in chaos, darkness, and gloom. but it was not to be left in this state. all this condition of anarchy, this waste and void, was the material out of which a new world was to be created. confused and impossible though everything appeared, yet there was something present that made steadfastly and incessantly for order. so we believe it is now, in the present state of things. all the conflicts and strifes of to-day are the breaking up of the fallow ground. they are the effort to create life. they are the messengers of the coming of the son of man. in storm and tempest cometh the son of man. over all this lawless, shapeless, impossible material of chaos there brooded, we are told, the spirit of god. the spirit of god was brooding over the waters like a bird over its[pg 90] nest, and in due time, in the order of creation, a new life was to take shape, and a new world was to rise up. in stately, ordered, majestic manner with all the certainty and irresistible power of gravitation, step by step, stage by stage, out of the welter of anarchy, a life—a new life—was to come into the world. a new life came.

and at each stage we hear the words of the lord god, "let there be," and "there was." and then: "god saw that it was good." there was evening, and there was morning—darkness changed into light—and the day's work was done. and god saw that it was good.

so, too, it is and will be in the history of the human race. the uplifting of mankind, the coming of fuller life to nations, to man, to classes and sections of men, has come in epochs of change. such stages in history are like the stages in the life history of a plant. there seem to be resting phases, epochs of apparent quiescence, the cessation of struggle.

the fact is that some new freedom, some new principle of life, some desire to grow, has for a long time been taking root in the minds and souls of men. the urge to become more creative—to[pg 91] gain more of life and give more of life—becomes at last intense. and there is an immense desire to satisfy the great urge of nature. the old order passes. the gathered forces seek release. the pangs of birth are upon us.'

the further one goes with sanderson, the stronger is one's sense of new wine fermenting in the old bottle of orthodox christian formulæ. in one of the late sermons he deliberately sets aside the epistles of the new testament as of less account than the gospels. he was still diverging when he died. in the last year or so of his life a new word crept into his talk and played an increasingly important part in it. that word was 'syncretism.' he spoke of it more and more plainly as an evil thing. and i cannot but believe, knowing his sources of knowledge and the angle at which he approached history, that he must have been aware that doctrinal christianity—as detached from the personal teaching of jesus—is, with its mithraic blood sacrifice and sabbath keeping, its alexandrine trinity, its egyptian priests, shaven and celibate, its stella maris and infant horus, the completest example of a syncretic religion in the world. my impression is[pg 92] that if he had lived another two years he would have shed his last vestiges of theological paraphernalia and gone straight back to the teaching of the nazarene, openly and plainly. and that would have created a very embarrassing situation for the members of the grocers' company, in the school at oundle.